{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-tomentosa/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rosa-tomentosa",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001006360",
    "inat_taxon_id": 167995
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rosa tomentosa",
    "authorship": "Sm.",
    "genus": "Rosa",
    "epithet": "tomentosa",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Brit.  2: 539 (1800)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:734524-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "whitewoolly rose",
      "english": [
        "whitewoolly rose"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Pugetia cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pugetia subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pugetia tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa abietina f. clivorum",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa abietina f. confusa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa abietina f. gisleri",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa andrzejowskii",
        "authorship": "H.Waldner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa andrzejowskii var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "Lonacz. ex Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa annesiensis",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa anomala",
        "authorship": "Ripart"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa antitraaenii",
        "authorship": "(Almq.) Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa attenuata",
        "authorship": "Chabert ex Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa barcensis",
        "authorship": "Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa billotiana",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa billotii",
        "authorship": "F.Gérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa biserrata subsp. podolica",
        "authorship": "(Tratt. ex Link) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa borysthenica",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa britannica",
        "authorship": "Déségl. ex Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina subsp. pseudotomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Pau ex Losa) Losa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina subvar. podolica",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. podolica",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. pseudotomentosa",
        "authorship": "Pau ex Losa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa capnoides",
        "authorship": "A.Kern. ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa capnoides",
        "authorship": "A.Kern. ex Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa carbonariensis",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa caryophyllacea var. pseudocaryophyllacea",
        "authorship": "(Błocki) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cetica",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ciesielskii",
        "authorship": "Błocki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ciesielskii var. curvata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cineracea",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens f. subadenophylla",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens f. subduplicata",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens var. intricata",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens var. lasioclada",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cinerascens var. ovoidea",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa clivorum",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa clivorum var. glabrescens",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa clivorum var. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa confusa",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia var. clivorum",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia var. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidata",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidata var. anthracitica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidata var. pseudocuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidatoides",
        "authorship": "F.Gérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cuspidatoides var. pseudocuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumalis f. podolica",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Nyár."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. kolosensis",
        "authorship": "Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumosa",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa eriosa",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa euvestita",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa euvestita subsp. polonica",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa farinosa",
        "authorship": "Bechst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa farinosa",
        "authorship": "A.Rau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa farinulenta var. altaescalae",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa fimbriata",
        "authorship": "Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa floccida",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa floccida var. castriferrei",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa foetida",
        "authorship": "Bastard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa foetida",
        "authorship": "Ozanon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa friesii",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa friesii var. typica",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa genevensis",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gisleri",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glauca var. inclinata",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) H.Waldner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gussenbaueri",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Pacher"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hedevigae",
        "authorship": "Błocki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hegetschweileri",
        "authorship": "Brügger ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa herculis",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa herculis f. oxycarpa",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hurstiana",
        "authorship": "Hesl.-Harr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hybrida f. fimbriata",
        "authorship": "(Döll) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa inclinata",
        "authorship": "A.Kern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa inclinata f. joannis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa insidiosa",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa intricata",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa javorkae",
        "authorship": "Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lepidinula",
        "authorship": "(Almq.) Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mariascheinensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Wiesb. ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mauternensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa micans",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mollissima",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mollissima f. annesiensis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mollissima subsp. venusta",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pellita",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa podolica",
        "authorship": "Tratt. ex Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa polonica",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa properata",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa properata",
        "authorship": "Boullu ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudocaryophyllacea",
        "authorship": "Błocki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudocuspidata",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudocuspidata f. romanica",
        "authorship": "(Prodan) Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudofarinosa",
        "authorship": "Tourlet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudoterebinthinacea",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudotomentosa",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pseudotomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Pau ex Losa) Losa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa reuteri f. inclinata",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sarmatica subsp. romanica",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scabriuscula f. pegnesensis",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scabriuscula f. typica",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scabriuscula subvar. subvillosa",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sendtneri",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun ex Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sherardii var. cinerascens",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subcanescens",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun ex R.Keller) A.W.Hill"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subduplicata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) V.A.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subduplicata var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "V.A.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subglobosa",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subglobosa var. agrisensis",
        "authorship": "Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subglobosa var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sueffertii",
        "authorship": "Kirschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sueffertii subsp. herbichii",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa terebinthacea",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa terebinthacea",
        "authorship": "Besser ex Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa terebinthacea f. genevensis",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. agrisensis",
        "authorship": "(Simonk.) Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. altaescalae",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. ambigua",
        "authorship": "Leffler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. anceps",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. angulosa",
        "authorship": "E.Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. anthracitica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. baldensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. brueggeri",
        "authorship": "Godet ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. buchingeri",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. bucovinensis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. buseri",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. calvescens",
        "authorship": "Schnetz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. cetica",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. chautagniensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. cineracea",
        "authorship": "(Crép. ex Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. collivaga",
        "authorship": "Cottet ex Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. communis",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. conjungens",
        "authorship": "(C.Hartm.) Leffler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. cristata",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Godet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. dacica",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. decolorans",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. dumosa",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. eglandulosa",
        "authorship": "Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. eifeliensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. fallax",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. farinosa",
        "authorship": "(Bechst.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. genuina",
        "authorship": "Leffler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. glabrescens",
        "authorship": "Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. horrida",
        "authorship": "Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. inermis",
        "authorship": "Chenevard ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. intromissa",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. lageniformis",
        "authorship": "Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. lagenoides",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. macrosepala",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. micans",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. multiglandulosa",
        "authorship": "L.A.W.Hasse"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. nuda",
        "authorship": "Čelak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. ovoidea",
        "authorship": "(Rouy) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. oxycarpa",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. poecilacantha",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. pomeranica",
        "authorship": "Holzfuss"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. prolifera",
        "authorship": "Braeucker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. pseudomissa",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. purpurata",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. reflexicalyx",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. rhaetica",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. romanica",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. rubriglandulosa",
        "authorship": "Fr. ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. sandomiriensis",
        "authorship": "Popek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. subcanescens",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. subheteracantha",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. subvillosa",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. szuloensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa f. typica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. antigabrielssonii",
        "authorship": "Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. antitraaenii",
        "authorship": "Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. cinerascens",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. eutomentosa",
        "authorship": "Schalow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. eutomentosa",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. farinosa",
        "authorship": "(Bechst.) Tourlet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. foetida",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. glandulosa",
        "authorship": "Tourlet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. lepidinula",
        "authorship": "Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. scabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. semitomentosa",
        "authorship": "Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subsp. subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. altaescalae",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. billotiana",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. capnoides",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern. ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. cineracea",
        "authorship": "(Crép. ex Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. confusa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. cottetii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. dimorpha",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. lanuginosa",
        "authorship": "(Ravaud) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. lasioclada",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. lasioclada",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. longifrons",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. multiglandulosa",
        "authorship": "(L.A.W.Hasse) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. rotundata",
        "authorship": "L.A.W.Hasse ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. setulosa",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. subadenophylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. subduplicata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. typica",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa subvar. zabelii",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa unranked genuina",
        "authorship": "Ducommun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa unranked major",
        "authorship": "Peterm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa unranked rapinii",
        "authorship": "Ducommun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa unranked subrubiginosa",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. aciculata",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. alsatica",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. alsatica",
        "authorship": "Favrat ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. alsingensis",
        "authorship": "Herring"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ambigua",
        "authorship": "(Leffler) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. anacantha",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. anacantha",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. andrzejowskii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. annesiensis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. anthracitica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. aridorum",
        "authorship": "Ravaud ex Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. arisitensis",
        "authorship": "H.J.Coste"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. arrondoeana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. arvernensis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. attenuata",
        "authorship": "(Chabert ex Cariot) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. attenuatocarpa",
        "authorship": "Cariot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. augustodinensis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. barcensis",
        "authorship": "(Simonk.) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. billotiana",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. bosniaca",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. bourgaeana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. brittonii",
        "authorship": "Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. buchingeriana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. burgundiae",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. calcicola",
        "authorship": "Błocki ex Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. canescens",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. cattica",
        "authorship": "E.Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. cazanae",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ciesielskii",
        "authorship": "(Błocki) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. cinerascens",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. coincyana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. confusa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. conjungens",
        "authorship": "(C.Hartm.) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. cristata",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. curvatiformis",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Wirtg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. dacica",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. decolorans",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. dimorpha",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. duerrnbergeri",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. dumosa",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. elegans",
        "authorship": "E.Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ellipsoidea",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. farinosa",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. farinosa",
        "authorship": "(Bechst.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. fimbriata",
        "authorship": "Döll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. floccida",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. foetida",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. friesii",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. galbana",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. genuina",
        "authorship": "(Leffler) Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. gerardiana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. gisleri",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. glabrescens",
        "authorship": "Gabr. ex Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. glabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. glandulosa",
        "authorship": "Wirtg. ex Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. globulosa",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. globulosa",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. goiranii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. gusuleaciana",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. hedevigae",
        "authorship": "(Błocki) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. herculis",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. heterophylla",
        "authorship": "(Woods) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. hurstiana",
        "authorship": "(Hesl.-Harr.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. hybrida",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. insidiosa",
        "authorship": "(Gren.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. intromissa",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. intromissa",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. iserana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. kolosensis",
        "authorship": "(Degen) Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. laevis",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. lamotteana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. lanceolata",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. lanuginosa",
        "authorship": "Ravaud ex Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. leiocarpa",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. lenifolia",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. liostyla",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. lubensis",
        "authorship": "Lonacz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. macracantha",
        "authorship": "Sagorski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. mailleferi",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. marginata",
        "authorship": "Rapin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. micans",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. mollisetifera",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. mollissima",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. neumanii",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. normalis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. notha",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. obollata",
        "authorship": "Chaboiss. & Faure ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. omissoidea",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ostarae",
        "authorship": "Schnetz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ovoidea",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. parvula",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. perturbans",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "Wirtg. ex Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. portmannii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. properata",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. pseudocuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. pseudoterebinthinacea",
        "authorship": "Kupcsok"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. purpurata",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. pyrenaica",
        "authorship": "Christ ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ravaudiana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. resinosa",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. resinosoides",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. richardsoniana",
        "authorship": "Hesl.-Harr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. rossii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. rupigena",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. sagotii",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. scabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. semitalis",
        "authorship": "Ravaud ex Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. serotina",
        "authorship": "H.J.Coste"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. sinkowiensis",
        "authorship": "Błocki ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. smithiana",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. smithiana",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subadenophylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subcristata",
        "authorship": "Scheutz ex Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Carion"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subrubiginosa",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subsphaerica",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. subvillosa",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. sylvestris",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. tullbergii",
        "authorship": "(Leffler) Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. typica",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. typica",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. ucrainica",
        "authorship": "Lonacz. ex Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. umbellata",
        "authorship": "Wirtg. ex Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. urbacensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. urceolata",
        "authorship": "Ravaud ex Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. valesiaca",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. varians",
        "authorship": "E.Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. velutina",
        "authorship": "(Chabert) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. venusta",
        "authorship": "(Scheutz) Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. vera",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. vera",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. vogesiaca",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentosa var. westovii",
        "authorship": "Matsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa umbellifera",
        "authorship": "Sw. ex Oborný"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa umbellifera",
        "authorship": "Sw. ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa umbelliflora f. tullbergii",
        "authorship": "Leffler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa umbelliflora var. longifrons",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa venusta",
        "authorship": "Scheutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa f. conjungens",
        "authorship": "C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa subsp. mollissima",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa subsp. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa subsp. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa var. cinerascens",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Hesl.-Harr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa var. mollissima",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Mérat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa var. subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa viscosa",
        "authorship": "Jan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa zabelii",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_tomentosa"
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        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Tobias Schönberg",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/tobiasschnberg",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50d3440e-8e09-4f83-95b9-a9f6e7baafbe",
        "observed_on": "2019-08-22",
        "lat": 47.137,
        "lon": 9.816,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
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        ],
        "urls": {
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          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48963934/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48963934/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Tobias Schönberg, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 48447770,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Tobias Schönberg",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/tobiasschnberg",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d005529f-28f5-4aab-ae63-4225bdc3486f",
        "observed_on": "2019-08-17",
        "lat": 47.138,
        "lon": 9.847,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
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        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48447770/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48447770/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48447770/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48447770/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Tobias Schönberg, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 46049668,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Robert H. Wardell",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/bobwardell",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/14beebf5-ca0c-4dbb-9259-6fd9482da635",
        "observed_on": "2019-07-20",
        "lat": 50.6,
        "lon": 8.786,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
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            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46049668/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46049668/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46049668/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Robert H. Wardell, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "NCS",
      "TUR",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BLT",
      "BGM",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "HUN",
      "IRE",
      "ITA",
      "KRY",
      "YUG",
      "NET",
      "POL",
      "POR",
      "ROM",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 4,
    "n_annotated": 13,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 6,
      "median": 9.1,
      "p95": 12
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 512.7,
      "median": 632.1,
      "p95": 730.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 19.2,
      "median": 22.9,
      "p95": 24.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -8.5,
      "median": -2.5,
      "p95": 2.5
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 641.6,
      "median": 920.9,
      "p95": 1635.9
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 10.4,
      "median": 22.9,
      "p95": 37.9
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 108.8,
      "median": 156.8,
      "p95": 363
    },
    "n": 62,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 62 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-tomentosa/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}