{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-spinosissima/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rosa-spinosissima",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001014557",
    "inat_taxon_id": 167993
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rosa spinosissima",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Rosa",
    "epithet": "spinosissima",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 491 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324822-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Burnet Rose",
      "english": [
        "Burnet Rose",
        "Scotch rose"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Bakeria gentilis",
        "authorship": "(Sternb.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa adenostephana",
        "authorship": "Debeaux"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa affinis",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa agustiana",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa alpina var. rubella",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa altaica",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa arvensis",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa besseri",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa borealis",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa campestris var. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa campestris var. pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa candolleana",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa candolleana unranked flavescens",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa candolleana unranked pendula",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. affinis",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa chamaerhodon",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa consimilis",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dichrocarpa",
        "authorship": "Debeaux"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa elasmacantha",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa elasmacantha var. iberica",
        "authorship": "Gadzh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa elasmacantha var. leptacantha",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa elasmacantha var. platyacantha",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa fissisepala",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis",
        "authorship": "Sternb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis f. globifera",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis var. genuina",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis var. levipes",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis var. portenschlagii",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gentilis var. trichophylla",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa granatensis",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hispida",
        "authorship": "Sims"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hracziana",
        "authorship": "Tamamsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa humensis",
        "authorship": "Conrath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa inermis",
        "authorship": "Bertol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa javalambrensis",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lutescens",
        "authorship": "Pursh"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa macropoda",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa majalis var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mathonetii",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mathonnetii",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa melanocarpa",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mitissima",
        "authorship": "C.C.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. inermis",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. magna",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. pyriformis",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. ripartii",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. rosea",
        "authorship": "S.Pons & Conill"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa myriacantha var. rupestris",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pendulina var. gentilis",
        "authorship": "(Sternb.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. achras",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. cojocnae",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. erubescens",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. flore-albo",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. lagenoides",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. poteriifolia",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. retusa",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. ripartii",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. sirei",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. subcarneo",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia f. subspinosissima",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subsp. gentilis",
        "authorship": "(Sternb.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subsp. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) O.Bolòs & Vigo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subsp. rubella",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subsp. spinosissima",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lemke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. ciliosa",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. fissisepala",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. lagenoides",
        "authorship": "(R.Keller) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. liostyla",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. megalacantha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. rosea",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. roseiflora",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia subvar. sorboides",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked bonhominis",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked charrieri",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked complanaticarpa",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked deducta",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked gerbelis",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Walp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked hispidissima",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked major",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked majuscula",
        "authorship": "Charb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked pumila",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia unranked rubella",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Kirschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. adenophora",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. adenophora",
        "authorship": "Vallot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. affinis",
        "authorship": "(Sternb.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. altaica",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. archetypa",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. arenivaga",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. arenivaga",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. argentea",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. attenuata",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. australis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. chaboissaei",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. ciliosa",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. clavata",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. consimilis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. dunalis",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. echinella",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. elasmacantha",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. flavescens",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. genuina",
        "authorship": "Heuff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. hispida",
        "authorship": "Godet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. hispidissima",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. hispidissima",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. hispidula",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. horrida",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. inermis",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. inermis",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. islandica",
        "authorship": "(Lindl.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. laevis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. leiostyla",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. macropetala",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. macropoda",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. mariaeburgensis",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. marmorata",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. mathonnetii",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. microphylla",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. microphylla",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. mitis",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. mitissima",
        "authorship": "(C.C.Gmel.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. ovata",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. piligera",
        "authorship": "Schwertschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. poteriifolia",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. pseudomathonetii",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. ripartii",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. rosea",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. sorboides",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. spinosa",
        "authorship": "Neilr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. spinosissima",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. subdiminuta",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Keller) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. subinermis",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. subspinosa",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. tomentella",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. tuschetica",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. typica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. typica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vallotii",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vallotii",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vera",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pimpinellifolia var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa poteriifolia",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pulchella",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ripartii",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rochelii",
        "authorship": "I.Sándor ex Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella f. elata",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella f. pendula",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella f. recurva",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella f. sorbifolia",
        "authorship": "Godet ex Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubella var. melanocarpa",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rupincola",
        "authorship": "Fisch. ex Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scalica",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa scotica",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sibirica",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sirei",
        "authorship": "(Christ) B.D.Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. andrewsii",
        "authorship": "(Willmott) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. arenivaga",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. breviseta",
        "authorship": "Pau ex C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. hispidissima",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. javalambrensis",
        "authorship": "(Pau) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. laevipes",
        "authorship": "C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. laevis",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. luteola",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. macropetala",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. megalacantha",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. microphylla",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. nana",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. oligotricha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Vukić."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. pyrifera",
        "authorship": "Klášt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. pyriformis",
        "authorship": "Pau ex C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. rosea",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. schizodontiformis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. spreta",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Vukić."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. stenodonta",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. trachyticola",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima f. vallotii",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subsp. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subsp. pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subvar. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subvar. granatensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subvar. microphylla",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima subvar. vallotii",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked bicolor",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked floremarmorea",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked florepleno",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked incarnata",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked luteola",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked mitis",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked nana",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked rubra",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked rubra",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima unranked spinosa",
        "authorship": "(Neilr.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. aculeatissima",
        "authorship": "Woods"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. andrewsii",
        "authorship": "E.Willm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. arenivaga",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "(Rouy) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. baicheriana",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. castellana",
        "authorship": "C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. catacalyx",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. ciliosa",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. codryensis",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. euspinosissima",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. fissisepala",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. glabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Baumg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. glandulosa",
        "authorship": "(Bellardi) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. granatensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Sims) Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. hispidissima",
        "authorship": "(Rouy) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. hispidissima",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. inermis",
        "authorship": "(DC.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. islandica",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. javalambrensis",
        "authorship": "(Pau) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. katacalyx",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. laevis",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. larssonii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. leiostyla",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. liostyla",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. lutea",
        "authorship": "Bean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. mathonetii",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. medelingensis",
        "authorship": "Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Besser ex Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. mitissima",
        "authorship": "(C.C.Gmel.) Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. oligotricha",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pallasii",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. piligera",
        "authorship": "(Schwertschl.) Kurtto"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pimpinellifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. platycarpa",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. poteriifolia",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pusilla",
        "authorship": "Woods"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. pyriformis",
        "authorship": "Pau ex C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. ripartii",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. ripartii",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. rivalis",
        "authorship": "Hesl.-Harr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. rosea",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) G.D.Rowley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. rossica",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. sanguisorbifolia",
        "authorship": "Donn ex Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. sbrutschensis",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. sorboides",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. spinosa",
        "authorship": "(Neilr.) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. subdiminuta",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. sublagenoides",
        "authorship": "Dingler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. subspinosa",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. turbinata",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. tuschetica",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. typica",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. typica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. vallotii",
        "authorship": "(Rouy) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spinosissima var. vallotii",
        "authorship": "(Rouy & E.G.Camus) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa spreta",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
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      {
        "name": "Rosa tackholmii",
        "authorship": "Hurst"
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      {
        "name": "Rosa tenuissima",
        "authorship": "Dippel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella f. affinis",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella var. affinis",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tschatyrdagi",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tschatyrdagi var. schaemachensis",
        "authorship": "Chrshan. & Iskend. ex Gadzh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tschatyrdagi var. taurica",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
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      {
        "name": "Rosa tullensis",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tuschetica",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa villosa var. myriacantha",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Lapeyr."
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_pimpinellifolia"
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        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 413,
    "n_annotated": 801,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      1,
      0,
      0,
      26,
      202,
      138,
      12,
      5,
      22,
      4,
      3,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      2,
      4,
      3,
      42,
      216,
      170,
      74,
      131,
      106,
      42,
      9,
      2
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.619,
      0.9352,
      0.8118,
      0.1622,
      0.0382,
      0.2075,
      0.0952,
      0.3333,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.4681,
        0.75
      ],
      [
        0.8942,
        0.961
      ],
      [
        0.7464,
        0.8634
      ],
      [
        0.0953,
        0.2624
      ],
      [
        0.0164,
        0.0862
      ],
      [
        0.1412,
        0.2943
      ],
      [
        0.0377,
        0.2207
      ],
      [
        0.1206,
        0.6458
      ],
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 5,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 317,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        3,
        2,
        0,
        7,
        25,
        50,
        113,
        75,
        34,
        6,
        1
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        0,
        0.0324,
        0.1471,
        0.6757,
        0.8626,
        0.7075,
        0.8095,
        0.6667,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        [
          0,
          0.0838
        ],
        [
          0.0158,
          0.0654
        ],
        [
          0.1016,
          0.2081
        ],
        [
          0.5627,
          0.7714
        ],
        [
          0.7932,
          0.9113
        ],
        [
          0.6149,
          0.7857
        ],
        [
          0.667,
          0.9002
        ],
        [
          0.3542,
          0.8794
        ],
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 8
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 3.2,
      "median": 9.8,
      "p95": 12
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 309.2,
      "median": 565.7,
      "p95": 1079.6
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 16.7,
      "median": 20.2,
      "p95": 25.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -15.1,
      "median": 0.1,
      "p95": 5.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 543.4,
      "median": 831.2,
      "p95": 1528.6
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12.3,
      "median": 25.6,
      "p95": 42.3
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 80.1,
      "median": 149.1,
      "p95": 271.9
    },
    "n": 2013,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2013 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-spinosissima/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}