{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-pulverulenta/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rosa-pulverulenta",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000992922",
    "inat_taxon_id": 461541
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rosa pulverulenta",
    "authorship": "M.Bieb.",
    "genus": "Rosa",
    "epithet": "pulverulenta",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Taur.-Caucas.  1: 399 (1808)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:733882-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Mediterranean rose",
      "english": [
        "Mediterranean rose"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Pugetia pulverulenta",
        "authorship": "(M.Bieb.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa agrestis subsp. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa agrestis subsp. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa azerbaidshanica",
        "authorship": "Novopokr. & Rzazade"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa azerbajdzhanica",
        "authorship": "Novopokr. & Rzazade"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa brachiata",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa bulgarica",
        "authorship": "Dimitrov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa calabrica",
        "authorship": "Huter ex Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa calabrica var. thuretii",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coquebertii",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dalmatica",
        "authorship": "A.Kern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dalmatica var. frivaldskyi",
        "authorship": "Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ferox",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa f. elongatipes",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa f. heldreichii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa f. minor",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa f. sicula",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa subsp. dalmatica",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa subsp. pustulosa",
        "authorship": "(Bertol.) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa subsp. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa subsp. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. athoensis",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. dalmatica",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. grandifolia",
        "authorship": "Boiss. ex Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. leioclada",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. lioclada",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. lubensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. pilata",
        "authorship": "Klášt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Halácsy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa glutinosa var. typica",
        "authorship": "Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa heckeliana var. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hermanni",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa kossii",
        "authorship": "Galushko"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa libanotica",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa maginae",
        "authorship": "Cuatrec."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mairei",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa micrantha var. mairei",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa montana var. gracilens",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa nisami",
        "authorship": "Sosn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pulverulenta var. cryptopoda",
        "authorship": "(Baker) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pulverulenta var. dalmatica",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) Popek & Facsar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pulverulenta var. eriocarpa",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pustulosa",
        "authorship": "Bertol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rhodopaea",
        "authorship": "Dimitrov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubiginosa subsp. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Malag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubiginosa subsp. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sachokiana",
        "authorship": "Jarosch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sachokiana var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Jarosch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa serafinii f. veridica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa serafinii subsp. veridica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa serafinii var. veridica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula f. hispanica",
        "authorship": "Debeaux & É.Rev. ex Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula f. pedunculata",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subsp. veridica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subvar. aemula",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subvar. isarana",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subvar. maroccana",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subvar. subsessiliflora",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula subvar. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. gracilens",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. gussonii",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. hispanica",
        "authorship": "Debeaux & É.Rev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. maroccana",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Magnier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. setigera",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. subsessiliflora",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sicula var. veridica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sjuniki",
        "authorship": "Jarosch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sjunikii",
        "authorship": "Jarosch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa steppofruticetorum",
        "authorship": "Ponert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa strobliana",
        "authorship": "Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subsessiliflora",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subsessiliflora var. ucenensis",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tchegemensis",
        "authorship": "Galushko"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ucenensis",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa viscaria subsp. sicula",
        "authorship": "(Tratt.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa viscaria var. subsessiliflora",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa viscaria var. thuretii",
        "authorship": "(Burnat & Gremli) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa viscaria var. veridica",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa zasljensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller ex Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus cordifolius var. dalmatica",
        "authorship": "(A.Kern.) C.K.Schneid."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "shown": 3,
    "usable_found": 5,
    "licences": [
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
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        "attribution": "Guillermo Debandi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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        },
        "attribution": "Guillermo Debandi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 1772147,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Guillermo Debandi",
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        "attribution": "Guillermo Debandi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "MOR",
      "TUN",
      "EAI",
      "IRN",
      "IRQ",
      "LBS",
      "NCS",
      "PAL",
      "TCS",
      "TKM",
      "TUR",
      "ALB",
      "BUL",
      "FRA",
      "GRC",
      "ITA",
      "KRI",
      "YUG",
      "SIC",
      "SPA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 2,
    "n_annotated": 4,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub or shrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol ROSI5",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-pulverulenta/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}