{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-gallica/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rosa-gallica",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000983164",
    "inat_taxon_id": 167982
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rosa gallica",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Rosa",
    "epithet": "gallica",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 492 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732569-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "French rose",
      "english": [
        "French rose"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Rosa arvina",
        "authorship": "Krock."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa assimilis",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa atropurpurea",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca f. calida",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca f. haplodonta",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca f. pannonica",
        "authorship": "Wiesb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca f. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca unranked magnifica",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca unranked pygmaea",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. atropurpurea",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. calida",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. cordifolia",
        "authorship": "(Host) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. dearmata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. delanata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. elata",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. flaccida",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. fruticans",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. haplodonta",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. leiophylla",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. magnifica",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa austriaca var. subglandulosa",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa belgica",
        "authorship": "Brot."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa centifolia var. provincialis",
        "authorship": "Bean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa centifolia var. subnigra",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa centifolia var. tricolor",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cordata",
        "authorship": "Cariot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cordifolia",
        "authorship": "Host"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cordifolia f. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cordifolia f. robustifolia",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa cordifolia var. robinifolia",
        "authorship": "Vuk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa crenatula",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa crenulata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa czackiana",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa czakiana",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa elata",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa flectidenta",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. acuta",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. adenophora",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. anacantha",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. assimilis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. atropurpurea",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. austriaca",
        "authorship": "(Crantz) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. bestepensis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. clavata",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. columnifera",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. cordata",
        "authorship": "(Cariot) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. delanata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. elata",
        "authorship": "H.Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. elata",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. fejerdensis",
        "authorship": "Nyár."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. flaccida",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Keller) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. globulosa",
        "authorship": "Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. grandicalyx",
        "authorship": "Kupcsok ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. haplodonta",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Münchh.) S.Ya.Sokolov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. lagenoides",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. latisepala",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. leiophylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. magnifica",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. marmorea",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. micropetala",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. mirabilis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. muelleri",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. muscipula",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. napocensis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. nervipilosa",
        "authorship": "Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. perparva",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. pilifolia",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. pseudolivescens",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Vukić."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. puberula",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Vukić."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. rubiformis",
        "authorship": "Junger"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. ruralis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. schroeteri",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. semihaplodonta",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. srebrenicensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. stenotricha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. subcrenata",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. subtomentella",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. typica",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. umbricola",
        "authorship": "Borbás ex Buia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(L.) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica f. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica prol. cordata",
        "authorship": "(Cariot) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica prol. gallorum",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica prol. officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica prol. rubra",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subsp. austriaca",
        "authorship": "(Crantz) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subsp. gallicosempervirens",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subsp. geminata",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subsp. leiostyla",
        "authorship": "(Gelmi) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subsp. pumila",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subvar. elata",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subvar. pseudolivescens",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subvar. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) R.Keller & Gams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica subvar. tridentina",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked agatha",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked axmannii",
        "authorship": "Döll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked burboniana",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked maheka",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked officinalis",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica unranked vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Griess."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. agatha",
        "authorship": "(Thory) Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. armatissima",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. arvina",
        "authorship": "(Krock.) Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. atropurpurea",
        "authorship": "(Boullu) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. austriaca",
        "authorship": "(Crantz) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. baldensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. baldensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. calida",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. conditorum",
        "authorship": "Dieck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. copacensis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. cordifolia",
        "authorship": "(Host) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. czackiana",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. czakiana",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. eriostyla",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. fiorii",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. flaccida",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Keller) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. floremarmoreo",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. gallica",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. genuina",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. grahovicensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. haplodonta",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. haplodonta",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Münchh.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. holosericea",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. hybrida",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. imitans",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. inaperta",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. inermis",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. irregularis",
        "authorship": "Degen ex Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. leiophylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. leiostyla",
        "authorship": "Gelmi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. liostyla",
        "authorship": "(Gelmi) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. magnifica",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. mahesca",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. marmorea",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. mutabilis",
        "authorship": "Dum.Cours."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. myriodonta",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. oligacantha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pannonica",
        "authorship": "Wiesb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pannonica",
        "authorship": "(Wiesb.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pantui",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. plena",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pontii",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. ranunculus",
        "authorship": "Thory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. regina",
        "authorship": "Sagorski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. reinechei",
        "authorship": "M.Schulze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. remensis",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. remensis-violacea",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. rosamundi",
        "authorship": "Weston"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. rubiformis",
        "authorship": "(Junger) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. ruralis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. ruralis",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. sabedensis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. salivici",
        "authorship": "E.Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. stenotricha",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. subglandulosa",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. subglandulosa",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. subtomentella",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. tomentella",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. trichophylla",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. typica",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. typica",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. variegata",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. variegata",
        "authorship": "Guillemeau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. velutiniflora",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ozanon) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gallica var. vittata",
        "authorship": "Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa heteracantha",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa heteroacantha",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa heteroacatha",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hispida",
        "authorship": "Münchh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa holosericea",
        "authorship": "Du Roi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa humilis",
        "authorship": "Tausch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hybrida",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa minimalis",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mirogojana",
        "authorship": "Vuk. & Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa mundii",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) Kirschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa oligacantha",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa olympica",
        "authorship": "Donn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pinnatifida",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa portlandica",
        "authorship": "Rössig"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis",
        "authorship": "Herrm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked alba",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked blanda",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked bullata",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked hybrida",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked multiplex",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked nana",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked parviflora",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked regalis",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis unranked variegata",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa provincialis var. florepleno",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila",
        "authorship": "L.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila f. delanata",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Münchh.) A.Rau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. holosericea",
        "authorship": "(Du Roi) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. officinalis",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. pollinii",
        "authorship": "Pollini"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. rosamundi",
        "authorship": "(Weston) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. subnigra",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pumila var. tricolor",
        "authorship": "(Andrews) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa pygmaea",
        "authorship": "Krock."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa racemosa",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa repens",
        "authorship": "Münchh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rhodanii",
        "authorship": "Chabert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubiginosa var. imitans",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rubra",
        "authorship": "Lam."
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      {
        "name": "Rosa rubra unranked lucida",
        "authorship": "Rössig"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ruralis",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schleicheri var. rhodanii",
        "authorship": "(Chabert) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sylvatica",
        "authorship": "Gaterau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tauriae",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tenuis",
        "authorship": "Becker"
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      {
        "name": "Rosa umbrosa",
        "authorship": "H.Waldner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa velutinaeflora",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
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      {
        "name": "Rosa velutiniflora",
        "authorship": "Déségl. & Ozanon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa velutiniflora f. dearmata",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa versicolor",
        "authorship": "(L.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa virescens",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_gallica"
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      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 674 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-gallica/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}