{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-corymbifera/",
  "last_modified": "2024-11-20",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rosa-corymbifera",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001018851",
    "inat_taxon_id": 491355
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rosa corymbifera",
    "authorship": "Borkh.",
    "genus": "Rosa",
    "epithet": "corymbifera",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Holzart. 319.",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732177-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Crepinia corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crepinia urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa acanthina",
        "authorship": "Déségl. & Ozanon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa aemoniana",
        "authorship": "Puget ex R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa aemoniana f. valdonegensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa affinita",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa afzeliana subsp. subcollina",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa afzeliana var. hirtifolia",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa afzeliana var. subcollina",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller & Gams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa amblyphylla var. suboxyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa annoniana",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa arcana",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa brilonensis",
        "authorship": "G.H.Loos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa burnatii",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa caesia var. frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Malinv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. hemitricha",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Popek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Popek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Malinv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. sphaeroidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina f. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Malinv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina subsp. corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina subsp. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina subvar. hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina unranked urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. arcana",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. bellezmensis",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. collina",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) Boulenger"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Malinv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. pseudocollina",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. pseudohispidula",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. serrata",
        "authorship": "R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. sphaeroidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. thuillieri",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller & Gams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa canina var. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa clavoides",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa clavoides var. stenocarpa",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina f. incerta",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina subsp. corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. incerta",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. tortuosa",
        "authorship": "(Wierzb.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa collina var. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. acanthina",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ozanon) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. burnatii",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. corymbifera",
        "authorship": "(Borkh.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. gabrielis",
        "authorship": "(F.Gérard) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. gabrielis",
        "authorship": "(F.Gérard) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. hemitricha",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. imitata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. jactata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Cariot) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. sphaerocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. sphaeroidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. trichoidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa communis var. vaulxiana",
        "authorship": "(Moutin) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia f. frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia subsp. frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia var. frutetorum",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa coriifolia var. hirtifolia",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. angustata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Schmalh.) Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. dipilata",
        "authorship": "Lonacz. ex Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. oksijukii",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. pendunculis-pilosis",
        "authorship": "(Degen ex Boros) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. querceta",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. salicifolia",
        "authorship": "Lonacz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. setosopedicellata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Litv. ex Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. wichurae",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa corymbifera var. zebeldensis",
        "authorship": "Lonacz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa deseglisei var. imitata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumalis f. sphaeroidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Nyár."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. annoniana",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. ciliata",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. hemitricha",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. heterotricha",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. richteri",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Borza"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. subatrichostylis",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. suboxyphylla",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. thuillieri",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum f. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subf. ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Arcang."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subsp. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. acanthina",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ozanon) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. burnatii",
        "authorship": "(Christ) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. heterotricha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. imitata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. perciliata",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. reussii",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. sphaerocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. trichoidea",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum subvar. vaulxiana",
        "authorship": "(Moutin) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum unranked amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum unranked eulanceolata",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum unranked suboxyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum unranked uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. acanthina",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ozanon) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. affinita",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. amblyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. bicolor",
        "authorship": "Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. burnatii",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Burnat & Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. ciliata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. eulanceolata",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. forsteri",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. gabrielis",
        "authorship": "(F.Gérard) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. hemitricha",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. hillebrandtii",
        "authorship": "(Weitenw.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. hirta",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. hirtifolia",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. incerta",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. juncta",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. perciliata",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. peropaca",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "(A.Rau) Burnat ex Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. puberula",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Keller) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. reussii",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. rivularis",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun & Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. solstitialis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. sphaerocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. subatrichostylis",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. suboxyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. thuillieri",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. urbica",
        "authorship": "(Léman) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa dumetorum var. wichurae",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa eulanceolata",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa forsteri",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa froebelii",
        "authorship": "Christ ex Froebel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa frutetorum",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa frutetorum var. silesiaca",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa gabrielis",
        "authorship": "F.Gérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa globata",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hemitricha",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hemitricha var. beugesiaca",
        "authorship": "Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hemitricha var. pendunculis-pilosis",
        "authorship": "Degen ex Boros"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hillebrandtii",
        "authorship": "Weitenw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hirta",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hirta subsp. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hirtifolia",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hirtifolia var. genuina",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hirtifolia var. hontiensis",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa hispidula",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa imitata",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa incerta",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa incerta var. tortuosa",
        "authorship": "(Wierzb.) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa incerta var. typica",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa jacquemontii",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa jactata",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa juncta",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa kalmussiaca",
        "authorship": "Chrshan. & Lasebna"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lanceolata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lanceolata var. decalvata",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lanceolata var. heterotricha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lanceolata var. microphylla",
        "authorship": "Opiz ex Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa lapidosa",
        "authorship": "Dubovik"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa montana",
        "authorship": "Steven ex Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa montana",
        "authorship": "Steven ex Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa obscura",
        "authorship": "Puget"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa obscura",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa opaca",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylla",
        "authorship": "A.Rau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylla subsp. hirtifolia",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylla var. ciliata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylla var. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylla var. uncinella",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "Déségl. & Ripart"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa ramealis",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rammiorum",
        "authorship": "N.V.Mironova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa reussii",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa reuteri f. subcollina",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa reuteri var. subcollina",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa richteri",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa rivularis",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun & Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schmalhauseniana",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schmalhauseniana var. leiopedicellata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schmalhauseniana var. parvifoliolata",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schmalhauseniana var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa schmalhauseniana var. stepposa",
        "authorship": "Chrshan."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa semiglabra",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa semiglabra",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Cariot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis f. caliacrae",
        "authorship": "R.Keller & Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis unranked denudata",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis unranked genuina",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis unranked glandulosa",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis var. brusnikensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis var. calvifrons",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis var. rariglanda",
        "authorship": "Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa solstitialis var. uskubensis",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaerocarpa",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaerocarpa f. foenatis",
        "authorship": "Prodan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaeroidea",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaeroidea f. genuina",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaeroidea var. chlumensis",
        "authorship": "Wiesb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaeroidea var. posoniensis",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun & Sabr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa sphaeroidea var. typica",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa steveniana",
        "authorship": "F.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa subatrichostylis",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa submitis var. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa submitis var. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa submitis var. ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa submitis var. solstitalis",
        "authorship": "(Besser) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa taurica",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tesquicola",
        "authorship": "Dubovik"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella f. burnatii",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella f. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) R.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella subsp. affinis",
        "authorship": "Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tomentella var. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa tortuosa",
        "authorship": "Wierzb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa trichoidea",
        "authorship": "Ripart ex Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella subsp. juncta",
        "authorship": "Puget ex Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella unranked lanceolulata",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Wiesb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella unranked oxyphylloides",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Wiesb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella var. affinita",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella var. ciliata",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella var. heterotricha",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella var. subatrichostylis",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa uncinella var. tatrae",
        "authorship": "Sagorski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica",
        "authorship": "Léman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. affinita",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. eulanceolata",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. genuina",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. juncta",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Heinr.Braun) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. perciliata",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. peropaca",
        "authorship": "(Heinr.Braun) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. platyphylloides",
        "authorship": "(Déségl. & Ripart) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica f. sphaerocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Crép.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica unranked glandulosa",
        "authorship": "Gren."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica unranked ramealis",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica unranked semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. baresanica",
        "authorship": "Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. decalvata",
        "authorship": "Crép. ex J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. elisophylla",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller & Formánek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. globata",
        "authorship": "(Déségl.) J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. hemitricha",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Puget ex Déségl.) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. puberula",
        "authorship": "J.B.Keller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. semiglabra",
        "authorship": "(Ripart ex Déségl.) Boullu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa urbica var. typica",
        "authorship": "Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa vaulxiana",
        "authorship": "Moutin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rosa wittmannii",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
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        "creator": "Aissa Djamel Filali",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/aissadjamelfilali",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6e9865da-00a6-409d-92e9-ddfa7598e8d9",
        "observed_on": "2015-08-18",
        "lat": 36.375,
        "lon": 6.734,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 770
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25110128/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25110128/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25110128/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25110128/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Aissa Djamel Filali, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "MOR",
      "TUN",
      "CYP",
      "IRQ",
      "KAZ",
      "KGZ",
      "LBS",
      "NCS",
      "PAL",
      "TZK",
      "TCS",
      "TKM",
      "TUR",
      "UZB",
      "WHM",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BLT",
      "BGM",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "COR",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "FIN",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "IRE",
      "ITA",
      "KRI",
      "YUG",
      "NET",
      "RUW",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "POR",
      "ROM",
      "SIC",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "TUE",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CYP",
        "name": "Cyprus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 25,
    "n_annotated": 47,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 6.1,
      "median": 10.2,
      "p95": 15.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 536.4,
      "median": 732.8,
      "p95": 973.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 20.7,
      "median": 25.4,
      "p95": 31.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -9.5,
      "median": -3.5,
      "p95": 3.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 456.8,
      "median": 746.9,
      "p95": 1203
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 14.2,
      "median": 29.5,
      "p95": 57.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 32.9,
      "median": 116.1,
      "p95": 199.4
    },
    "n": 265,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 265 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 25 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rosa-corymbifera/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}