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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rorippa-palustris/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rorippa-palustris",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000399555",
    "inat_taxon_id": 64162
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rorippa palustris",
    "authorship": "(L.) Besser",
    "genus": "Rorippa",
    "epithet": "palustris",
    "family": "Brassicaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Enum. Pl. Volh. : 27 (1821)",
    "protologue_url": "https://brassibase.cos.uni-heidelberg.de/bb2/names/get/id/bb-spc-26075",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Marsh Yellow-cress",
      "english": [
        "Marsh Yellow-cress",
        "bog yellowcress",
        "marsh yellow cress",
        "marsh yellowcress"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Brachiolobos hispidus",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachiolobos palustris",
        "authorship": "[Clairv.]"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine palustris",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine palustris",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine palustris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine palustris var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine palustris var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crucifera palustris",
        "authorship": "(L.) E.H.L.Krause"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erysimum barbarea",
        "authorship": "Forssk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Myagrum palustre",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Myagrum pumilum",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium cernuum",
        "authorship": "Nutt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium clavatum",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium densiflorum",
        "authorship": "Turcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium dictyotum",
        "authorship": "Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium diversifolium",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium hispidum",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium homalospermum",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre",
        "authorship": "(Leyss.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre f. longipes",
        "authorship": "Franch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre f. stoloniferum",
        "authorship": "Franch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre subsp. hispidum",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre var. dasycarpum",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium palustre var. hispidum",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium semipinnatifidum",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium terrestre var. hispidum",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) S.Watson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium terrestre var. occidentale",
        "authorship": "S.Watson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium terrestre var. semipinnatifidum",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nasturtium williamsii",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula clavata",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) J.M.Macoun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula dictyota",
        "authorship": "Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula pacifica",
        "authorship": "Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula palustris",
        "authorship": "(L.) Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula palustris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) B.L.Rob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Radicula williamsii",
        "authorship": "A.Heller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa arvensis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa clavata",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa dictyota",
        "authorship": "Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa hispida subsp. glabra",
        "authorship": "(O.E.Schulz) Greuter & R.Rankin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa hispida var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa islandica subsp. fernaldiana",
        "authorship": "(Butters & Abbe) Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa islandica var. fernaldiana",
        "authorship": "Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa islandica var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "(Lunell) Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa islandica var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa islandica var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa nasturtioides",
        "authorship": "Spach"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa pacifica",
        "authorship": "Howell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris subsp. fernaldiana",
        "authorship": "(Butters & Abbe) Jonsell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris subsp. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(S.Watson ex A.Gray) Abrams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. cernua",
        "authorship": "(Nutt.) Stuckey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. clavata",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) Stuckey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. dictyota",
        "authorship": "(Greene) Stuckey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. fernaldiana",
        "authorship": "(Butters & Abbe) Stuckey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "(Lunell) Stuckey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(S.Watson) Rollins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. pacifica",
        "authorship": "G.N.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. palustris",
        "authorship": "Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa palustris var. williamsii",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa terrestris var. globosa",
        "authorship": "A.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa terrestris var. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) A.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rorippa williamsii",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrianthus palustris",
        "authorship": "Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrianthus pusillus",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium barbareaefolium",
        "authorship": "Delile"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium barbareifolium",
        "authorship": "Delile"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium dissectum",
        "authorship": "Nutt. ex E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium hybridum",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium mexicanum",
        "authorship": "Sessé ex Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium palustre",
        "authorship": "(L.) Leyss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium pusillum",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tetracellion ellipsoideum",
        "authorship": "Turcz."
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorippa_palustris"
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      "SDA",
      "TEN",
      "TEX",
      "UTA",
      "VER",
      "VRG",
      "WAS",
      "WVA",
      "WIS",
      "WYO",
      "YUK",
      "CUB",
      "NIC"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBY",
        "name": "Libya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "GST",
        "name": "Gulf States",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "DEL",
        "name": "Delaware",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WDC",
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 537,
    "n_annotated": 690,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      4,
      11,
      9,
      23,
      54,
      119,
      134,
      83,
      56,
      27,
      8,
      9
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      7,
      15,
      11,
      43,
      80,
      134,
      151,
      99,
      69,
      43,
      27,
      11
    ],
    "share": [
      0.5714,
      0.7333,
      0.8182,
      0.5349,
      0.675,
      0.8881,
      0.8874,
      0.8384,
      0.8116,
      0.6279,
      0.2963,
      0.8182
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.2505,
        0.8418
      ],
      [
        0.4805,
        0.891
      ],
      [
        0.523,
        0.9486
      ],
      [
        0.3892,
        0.6749
      ],
      [
        0.5664,
        0.7676
      ],
      [
        0.8235,
        0.931
      ],
      [
        0.8271,
        0.9285
      ],
      [
        0.7535,
        0.898
      ],
      [
        0.7039,
        0.8865
      ],
      [
        0.4786,
        0.7562
      ],
      [
        0.1585,
        0.4848
      ],
      [
        0.523,
        0.9486
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 6,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 362,
      "by_month": [
        5,
        6,
        2,
        10,
        28,
        57,
        95,
        60,
        51,
        27,
        18,
        3
      ],
      "share": [
        0.7143,
        0.4,
        0.1818,
        0.2326,
        0.35,
        0.4254,
        0.6291,
        0.6061,
        0.7391,
        0.6279,
        0.6667,
        0.2727
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.3589,
          0.9178
        ],
        [
          0.1982,
          0.6425
        ],
        [
          0.0514,
          0.477
        ],
        [
          0.1315,
          0.3774
        ],
        [
          0.2545,
          0.4592
        ],
        [
          0.3449,
          0.51
        ],
        [
          0.5498,
          0.7021
        ],
        [
          0.5076,
          0.6966
        ],
        [
          0.6249,
          0.8281
        ],
        [
          0.4786,
          0.7562
        ],
        [
          0.4782,
          0.8136
        ],
        [
          0.0975,
          0.5657
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 9
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or subshrub",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rorippa-palustris/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}