Rauvolfia sandwicensis (devil's-pepper)

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 5 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 5 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Rauvolfia sandwicensis, photographed by Kevin Faccenda — fig. a Kevin Faccenda, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-12-11 / obs. 173168429

Rauvolfia sandwicensis, photographed by Sonny Gamponia — fig. b Sonny Gamponia, CC0 1.0 / obs. 36896199

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 1 botanical country

Native distribution of Rauvolfia sandwicensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Hawaii	HAW	PACIFIC

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 52 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	11.9 °C	19.5 °C	21.8 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	20.4 °C	26.2 °C	27.9 °C
Annual rainfall	697 mm	1,145 mm	2,923 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	69 mm	189 mm	565 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 52 research-grade observations of Rauvolfia sandwicensis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 15 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Aspidosperma tuberculatum (Vahl) Benoist ex Pichon
Bleekeria sandwicensis (A.DC.) Koidz.
Excavatia sandwicensis (DC.) Markgr.
Macaglia tuberculata Vahl
Ochrosia sandwicensis A.DC.
Ochrosia tuberculata (Vahl) Pichon
Rauvolfia degeneri Sherff
Rauvolfia forbesii Sherff
Rauvolfia helleri Sherff
Rauvolfia mauiensis Sherff
Rauvolfia molokaiensis Sherff
Rauvolfia molokaiensis var. parvifolia O.Deg. & Sherff
Rauvolfia parviflora K.Schum.
Rauvolfia remotiflora O.Deg. & Sherff
Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. subacuminata Sherff

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.