Plate 1 figs. a–h
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Flowering n = 7,394 observations
Peak flowering in Apr, from 7,394 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.
Also published as 88 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Brassica heleniana Burch. ex Loudon
- Cheiranthus lacerus L.
- Crucifera raphanistrum E.H.L.Krause
- Durandea unilocularis Delarbre
- Malcolmia lacera (L.) DC.
- Malcolmia lacera subsp. lacera DC.
- Maresia lacera (L.) F.Dvořák
- Raphanistrum arvense Wallr.
- Raphanistrum fugax Nyman
- Raphanistrum glaucum P.Candargy
- Raphanistrum innocuum Moench
- Raphanistrum innocuum Bubani
- Raphanistrum innocuum subsp. fugax Nyman
- Raphanistrum lampsana Gaertn.
- Raphanistrum landra Rchb.
- Raphanistrum landra (Moretti ex DC.) Link
- Raphanistrum maritimum (Don) Gray
- Raphanistrum maritimum (Sm.) Hornem.
- Raphanistrum microcarpum Nyman
- Raphanistrum odessanum Andrz. ex Besser
- Raphanistrum odessanum Andrz.
- Raphanistrum raphanistrum H.Karst.
- Raphanistrum rostratum (DC.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Raphanistrum segetale Henckel
and 64 more.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.