Ranunculus testiculatusCrantz

curveseed butterwort

WFO wfo-0000462021 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Matt Lavin
fig. a Matt Lavin, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-25 / obs. 200967086
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Alan Rockefeller
fig. b Alan Rockefeller, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198445568
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Alan Rockefeller
fig. c Alan Rockefeller, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198275968
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Alan Rockefeller
fig. d Alan Rockefeller, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198233715
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Aleksei Baushev
fig. e Aleksei Baushev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197880279
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Christine Rudman
fig. f Christine Rudman, CC0 1.0 / obs. 197638260
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Aleksei Baushev
fig. g Aleksei Baushev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196335461
Ranunculus testiculatus, photographed by Aleksei Baushev
fig. h Aleksei Baushev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196260188

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 29 botanical countries

Regions where Ranunculus testiculatus is native: Algeria, Morocco, Afghanistan, Altay, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Mongolia, North Caucasus, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Pakistan, West Himalaya, Austria, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, Hungary, Krym, NW. Balkan Pen., Romania, South European Russia, Ukraine AlgeriaMoroccoAfghanistanAltayIranKazakhstanKirgizstanMongoliaNorth CaucasusTadzhikistanTranscaucasusTürkiyeTurkmenistanUzbekistanWest SiberiaXinjiangPakistanWest HimalayaAustriaBulgariaCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaEast European RussiaHungaryKrymNW. Balkan Pen.RomaniaSouth European RussiaUkraine
Native distribution of Ranunculus testiculatus, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
Altay ALT
Iran IRN
Kazakhstan KAZ
Kirgizstan KGZ
Mongolia MON
North Caucasus NCS
Tadzhikistan TZK
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Turkmenistan TKM
Uzbekistan UZB
West Siberia WSB
Xinjiang CHX
Austria AUT EUROPE
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
East European Russia RUE
Hungary HUN
Krym KRY
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Ukraine UKR
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Morocco MOR
Pakistan PAK ASIA-TROPICAL
West Himalaya WHM

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 347 in flower of 600 examined

Peak flowering in Feb. Each bar is the share of Ranunculus testiculatus observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 347 of 600 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 7 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 5 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Ceratocephala orthoceras DC.
  • Ceratocephala reflexa Steven
  • Ceratocephala reflexus Steven
  • Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser
  • Ranunculus orthoceras (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schmalh.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol CETE5. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.