Pulmonaria officinalisL.

Lungwortcommon lungwortlungwort

WFO wfo-0000397533 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Andrew Skotnicki
fig. a Andrew Skotnicki, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-11 / obs. 205705565
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. b Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 202762017
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Gabriel Mayrhofer
fig. c Gabriel Mayrhofer, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203844957
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. d Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198789985
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Matthew Spoor
fig. e Matthew Spoor, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203494449
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Elias
fig. f Elias, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197925311
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by David Sandler
fig. g David Sandler, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196975773
Pulmonaria officinalis, photographed by Alexis Tinker-Tsavalas
fig. h Alexis Tinker-Tsavalas, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195935104

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 19 botanical countries

Regions where Pulmonaria officinalis is native: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine AlbaniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBulgariaCzechia-SlovakiaDenmarkFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyNetherlandsNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSwedenSwitzerlandUkraine
Native distribution of Pulmonaria officinalis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
Denmark DEN
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Netherlands NET
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Ukraine UKR

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 969 in flower of 1,145 examined

Peak flowering in Mar. Each bar is the share of Pulmonaria officinalis observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 969 of 1,145 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,015 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -9.7 °C -3.9 °C 1.9 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 18.7 °C 23.9 °C 28.0 °C
Annual rainfall 604 mm 883 mm 1,525 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 96 mm 158 mm 285 mm

It is found where winters bring hard frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,015 research-grade observations of Pulmonaria officinalis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 1 synonym

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Pulmonaria tridentina Evers

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.