{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/puccinellia-distans/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "puccinellia-distans",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000895236",
    "inat_taxon_id": 78780
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Puccinellia distans",
    "authorship": "(Jacq.) Parl.",
    "genus": "Puccinellia",
    "epithet": "distans",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Ital. 1: 367 (1850)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1026660-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Weeping alkali grass",
      "english": [
        "Weeping alkali grass",
        "weeping alkaligrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Aira aquatica var. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira brigantiaca",
        "authorship": "Chaix"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira miliacea",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis capillaris",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans f. limosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans f. litoralis",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans prol. intricata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans subsp. brigantiaca",
        "authorship": "K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans subsp. brigantina",
        "authorship": "K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans var. halophila",
        "authorship": "Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans var. limosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans var. minutula",
        "authorship": "Husn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis distans var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(R.Uechtr.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis elata",
        "authorship": "Holmberg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis elata",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis elata f. expansa",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis elata f. gracillima",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis embergeri",
        "authorship": "H.Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis font-queri",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis glauca",
        "authorship": "(Regel) V.I.Krecz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis intricata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis limosa",
        "authorship": "Degen, Flatt & Thaisz ex Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis limosa f. cumana",
        "authorship": "Degen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis limosa f. cumana",
        "authorship": "O.Deg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis picbaueri",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis pulvinata",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) V.I.Krecz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis sevangensis",
        "authorship": "(Grossh.) V.I.Krecz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis suecica",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis suecica f. gigantea",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis suecica var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Holm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis suecica var. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Atropis suecica var. macilenta",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Catabrosa distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Catabrosa distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Link ex Heynh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca capillaris",
        "authorship": "Lilj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca distans f. pallens",
        "authorship": "Degen ex Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca distans var. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Mutel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca distans var. limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca distantis f. pallens",
        "authorship": "Deg. ex A. & G."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria borreri var. islandica",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans f. montana",
        "authorship": "Waisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans subsp. parlatorei",
        "authorship": "(Bég.) Bég."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. arenaria",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. miliacea",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. minutula",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. montana",
        "authorship": "Waisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. parlatorei",
        "authorship": "Bég."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. pulvinata",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. purpurea",
        "authorship": "Westerl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. reptans",
        "authorship": "Laest."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. tenuiflora",
        "authorship": "Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria distans var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "R.Uechtr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria explanata",
        "authorship": "Lindeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria intermedia",
        "authorship": "C.Klinggr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria intricata",
        "authorship": "Crép."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria maritima var. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Bréb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria maritima var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria minutula",
        "authorship": "Foucaud ex Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria parlatorei",
        "authorship": "Bég."
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria reptans",
        "authorship": "(Laest.) Krok"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria retroflexa",
        "authorship": "(Curtis) C.E.Salmon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Glyceria salina var. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Heleochloa distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hydrochloa capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hydrochloa distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Molinia capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Molinia distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Molinia distans var. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicularia distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia capillaris subsp. pulvinata",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia coarctata",
        "authorship": "(Fernald & Weath.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phippsia nutkaensis subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caduca",
        "authorship": "Kit. ex Rochel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa distans",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa distans var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa distans var. minor",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa distans var. obtusa",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa hybernica",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa maritima var. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Duby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa miliacea",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa miliacea",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. miliaceae",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa retroflexa",
        "authorship": "Curtis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa retrofracta",
        "authorship": "Stokes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa salina",
        "authorship": "Pollich"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Jansen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia capillaris subsp. pulvinata",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia coarctata",
        "authorship": "Fernald & Weath."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans f. capillaris",
        "authorship": "(Lilj.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans f. litoralis",
        "authorship": "(Hack.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans f. montana",
        "authorship": "(Waisb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans f. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(R.Uechtr.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) W.E.Hughes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. distans",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Jáv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soo & Jav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. sevangensis",
        "authorship": "(Grossh.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans subsp. tyriensis",
        "authorship": "Galanin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Blytt) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. distans",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. halophila",
        "authorship": "(Trab.) Emb. & Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. majoriflora",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. picbaueri",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. pichaueri",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. retroflexa",
        "authorship": "(Curtis) Wolley-Dod"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia distans var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(R.Uechtr.) Fernald & Weath."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia elata",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia elata",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia elata f. expansa",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia elata f. gracillima",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia embergeri",
        "authorship": "H.Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia filiformis",
        "authorship": "Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia fontqueri",
        "authorship": "(Maire) Ponert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia glauca",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Krecz. ex Drobov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia glauca",
        "authorship": "(Regel) V.I.Krecz. ex Drobov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia intricata",
        "authorship": "(Crép.) Ponert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia limosa",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia limosa f. cumana",
        "authorship": "(Degen) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia limosa f. pallens",
        "authorship": "(Degen ex Asch. & Graebn.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia maritima f. explanata",
        "authorship": "(Lindeb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia parlatorei",
        "authorship": "(Bég.) Cif. & Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia picbaueri",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia pseudoconvoluta",
        "authorship": "Klokov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia pulvinata",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) V.I.Krecz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa",
        "authorship": "(Curtis) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa var. pulvinata",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa var. suecica",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa var. vegeta",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia retroflexa var. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia sevangensis",
        "authorship": "Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia suecica",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia suecica f. gigantea",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia suecica var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia suecica var. macilenta",
        "authorship": "(Holmb.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia suksdorfii",
        "authorship": "H.St.John"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sclerochloa distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sclerochloa multiculmis",
        "authorship": "Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sclerochloa multiculmis subsp. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sclerochloa multiculmis var. distans",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Syme"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puccinellia_distans"
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
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      "SWI",
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      "UKR",
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    ],
    "regions": [
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        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAL",
        "name": "Baleares",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FOR",
        "name": "Føroyar",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 3,
    "n_annotated": 13,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial or helophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 2.4,
      "median": 6.3,
      "p95": 11.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 595.7,
      "median": 925.7,
      "p95": 1170.9
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 20.6,
      "median": 23.2,
      "p95": 26.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -17.4,
      "median": -9.3,
      "p95": 0.4
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 485.3,
      "median": 664.4,
      "p95": 1029.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 14,
      "median": 29.6,
      "p95": 47.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 60.3,
      "median": 108.5,
      "p95": 200.7
    },
    "n": 982,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 982 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 3 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/puccinellia-distans/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}