Primula clusiana

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Primula clusiana, photographed by Philipp Pavelka — fig. c Philipp Pavelka, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199807493

Primula clusiana, photographed by Daniel Linzbauer — fig. f Daniel Linzbauer, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 143937515

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium: Smithsonian, US National Herbarium
Accession: US 811684
Filed as: Primula clusiana Tausch
Det. by: not recorded on this sheet
Collected: Fehlner
Origin: AT
The sheet: View the digitised specimen (CC0 1.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 2 botanical countries

Native distribution of Primula clusiana, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Austria	AUT	EUROPE
Germany	GER

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 61 in flower of 66 examined

100%

93%

Proportion of examined Primula clusiana in flower, by month
Month	In flower	Examined	Share	95% interval
Jan	0	0	too few examined
Feb	0	0	too few examined
Mar	0	0	too few examined
Apr	7	7	100%	65% to 100%
May	24	24	100%	86% to 100%
Jun	26	28	93%	77% to 98%
Jul	3	4	too few examined
Aug	0	2	too few examined
Sep	0	0	too few examined
Oct	0	0	too few examined
Nov	1	1	too few examined
Dec	0	0	too few examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Primula clusiana observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 61 of 66 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 9 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 519 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-14.0 °C	-10.5 °C	-6.9 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	13.7 °C	15.9 °C	22.0 °C
Annual rainfall	1,235 mm	1,637 mm	2,472 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	233 mm	312 mm	470 mm

It is found where winters bring hard frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 519 research-grade observations of Primula clusiana that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 7 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Auricula-ursi clusiana (Tausch) Soják
Primula churchilii Gusm. ex Kolb
Primula clusiana var. acaulis Roth
Primula clusiana var. crenigera Beck
Primula clusii Wiest ex Gaud.
Primula spectabilis Mart. & W.D.J.Koch
Primula spectabilis var. ciliata W.D.J.Koch

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.