Plate 1 figs. a–h · 4 observations
This species has been photographed under an open licence only 4 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Native range 18 botanical countries
| Region | TDWG code | Continent |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina Northeast | AGE | SOUTHERN AMERICA |
| Belize | BLZ | |
| Bolivia | BOL | |
| Brazil North | BZN | |
| Brazil Northeast | BZE | |
| Brazil Southeast | BZL | |
| Brazil West-Central | BZC | |
| Colombia | CLM | |
| Costa Rica | COS | |
| French Guiana | FRG | |
| Guyana | GUY | |
| Paraguay | PAR | |
| Suriname | SUR | |
| Trinidad-Tobago | TRT | |
| Venezuela | VEN | |
| Venezuelan Antilles | VNA | |
| Mexico Gulf | MXG | NORTHERN AMERICA |
| Mexico Southeast | MXT |
Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.
Flowering 32 in flower of 34 examined
Peak flowering in Dec. Each bar is the share of Pombalia calceolaria observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 32 of 34 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 11 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.
Also published as 26 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Calceolaria ipecacuanha (L.) Kuntze
- Calceolaria villosissima (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze
- Hybanthus calceolaria (L.) Oken
- Hybanthus indecorus Baill.
- Hybanthus ipecacuanha (L.) Oken
- Hybanthus ipecacuanha Baill.
- Hybanthus procumbens Ule
- Hybanthus supinus Schulze-Menz
- Hybanthus villosissimus (A.St.-Hil.) Taub.
- Ionidium calceolaria (L.) Vent.
- Ionidium indecorum A.St.-Hil.
- Ionidium ipecacuanha (L.) Vent.
- Ionidium ipecacuanha f. grandiflora Chodat & Hassl.
- Ionidium ipecacuanha var. glabrum Sims
- Ionidium ipecacuanha var. pubescens Sims
- Ionidium itubu Kunth
- Ionidium loefflingianum Roem. & Schult.
- Ionidium villosissimum A.St.-Hil.
- Pombalia ipecacuanha Vand.
- Pombalia itoubou (Aubl.) Ging.
- Solea calceolaria Spreng.
- Solea ipecacuanha Spreng.
- Solea itoubou Spreng.
- Viola calceolaria L.
and 2 more.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
- Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.