Polygonatum verticillatum(L.) All.

Whorled Solomon's-seal

WFO wfo-0000716855 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by Tim Johnson
fig. a Tim Johnson, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-10 / obs. 205158869
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by E. A.
fig. b E. A., CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203445214
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by David Sandler
fig. c David Sandler, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 201003515
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by David Sandler
fig. d David Sandler, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 200247591
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by Thomas Koffel
fig. e Thomas Koffel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199678443
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by Philipp
fig. f Philipp, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199749582
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by Thomas Koffel
fig. g Thomas Koffel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199680004
Polygonatum verticillatum, photographed by Thomas Koffel
fig. h Thomas Koffel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199687301

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 35 botanical countries

Regions where Polygonatum verticillatum is native: Afghanistan, China North-Central, China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, North Caucasus, Qinghai, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Assam, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya, Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland AfghanistanChina North-CentralChina South-CentralInner MongoliaNorth CaucasusQinghaiTibetTranscaucasusTürkiyeAssamEast HimalayaMyanmarNepalPakistanWest HimalayaAlbaniaAustriaBaltic StatesBelgiumBulgariaCzechia-SlovakiaDenmarkFranceGermanyHungaryItalyNetherlandsNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland
Native distribution of Polygonatum verticillatum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Baltic States BLT
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
Denmark DEN
France FRA
Germany GER
Great Britain GRB
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Netherlands NET
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
Spain SPA
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
China North-Central CHN
China South-Central CHC
Inner Mongolia CHI
North Caucasus NCS
Qinghai CHQ
Tibet CHT
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
East Himalaya EHM
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Pakistan PAK
West Himalaya WHM

Not drawn on the map: Great Britain. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 89 in flower of 239 examined

Peak flowering in Jun. Each bar is the share of Polygonatum verticillatum observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 89 of 239 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 6 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 17 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Campydorum verticillatum (L.) Salisb.
  • Convallaria leptophylla D.Don
  • Convallaria stellifolia Peterm.
  • Convallaria verticillata L.
  • Evallaria verticillata (L.) Neck.
  • Polygonatum angustifolium Bubani
  • Polygonatum erythrocarpum Hua
  • Polygonatum jacquemontianum Kunth
  • Polygonatum kansuense Maxim. ex Batalin
  • Polygonatum leptophyllum (D.Don) Royle
  • Polygonatum macrophyllum Sweet
  • Polygonatum minutiflorum H.Lév.
  • Polygonatum roseum Hook.
  • Polygonatum verticillatum subsp. stellifolium (Peterm.) K.Richt.
  • Polygonatum verticillatum var. gracile Baker ex Aitch.
  • Sigillum verticillatum (L.) Montandon
  • Troxilanthes angustifolia Raf.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.