Polygonatum biflorum(Walter) Elliott

smooth Solomon's seal

WFO wfo-0000716308 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Brian Finzel
fig. a Brian Finzel, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-06-12 / obs. 205428790
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Marilynn Miller
fig. b Marilynn Miller, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204480158
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Eric Schmidt
fig. c Eric Schmidt, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205027851
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Cleveland Powell
fig. d Cleveland Powell, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205809639
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Violet T.
fig. e Violet T., CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204474317
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Craig Martin
fig. f Craig Martin, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203085041
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Matthew Spoor
fig. g Matthew Spoor, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202724055
Polygonatum biflorum, photographed by Tom Field
fig. h Tom Field, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202794369

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Flowering n = 724 observations

Peak flowering in May, from 724 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 54 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Convallaria angustifolia (Pursh) Poir.
  • Convallaria biflora Walter
  • Convallaria canaliculata Willd.
  • Convallaria commutata Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Convallaria gigantea hort. ex Kunth
  • Polygonatum angustifolium Pursh
  • Polygonatum biflorum f. biflorum
  • Polygonatum biflorum f. ramosum (McGivney) Fernald
  • Polygonatum biflorum subvar. ellipsoidale Farw.
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Morong
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Alph.Wood
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. hebetifolium R.R.Gates
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. melleum (Farw.) R.P.Ownbey
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. necopinum R.P.Ownbey
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. ovatum Farw.
  • Polygonatum biflorum var. virginicum (Greene) Farw.
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum Miq.
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum (Willd.) Pursh
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum f. foliatum (H.M.Clarke) J.W.Moore
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum f. ramosum (McGivney) Clute
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum subvar. ellipticum Farw.
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum var. americanum (Hook.) Farw.
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Farw.
  • Polygonatum canaliculatum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Miq.

and 30 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.