{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/poa-palustris/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "poa-palustris", "wfo": "wfo-0000893213", "inat_taxon_id": 78650 }, "name": { "scientific": "Poa palustris", "authorship": "L.", "genus": "Poa", "epithet": "palustris", "family": "Poaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 874 (1759)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:204398-2", "common": { "preferred": "fowl bluegrass", "english": [ "fowl bluegrass" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Paneion triflorum", "authorship": "Lunell" }, { "name": "Poa abietina", "authorship": "Schur" }, { "name": "Poa adspersa", "authorship": "Drejer" }, { "name": "Poa angustifolia", "authorship": "Wahlenb." }, { "name": "Poa angustifolia var. effusa", "authorship": "Rchb." }, { "name": "Poa angustifolia var. fertilis", "authorship": "(Host) Rchb." }, { "name": "Poa crocata", "authorship": "Michx." }, { "name": "Poa depauperata", "authorship": "Kit. ex Spreng." }, { "name": "Poa distans", "authorship": "Schultz" }, { "name": "Poa effusa", "authorship": "Kit. ex Schult." }, { "name": "Poa ehrhartiana", "authorship": "E.Mey." }, { "name": "Poa elegans", "authorship": "Haller f. ex Steud." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis", "authorship": "Host" }, { "name": "Poa fertilis f. coarctata", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis f. pauciflora", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis f. turfosa", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis subsp. exigua", "authorship": "Dumort." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. exigua", "authorship": "Dumort." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. glabra", "authorship": "Döll" }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. major", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. palustris", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. pauciflora", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. scabriuscula", "authorship": "Döll" }, { "name": "Poa fertilis var. turfosa", "authorship": "Peterm." }, { "name": "Poa glauca var. crocata", "authorship": "(Michx.) M.E.Jones" }, { "name": "Poa hydrophila", "authorship": "Pers." }, { "name": "Poa hydrophyla", "authorship": "Thuill. ex Steud." }, { "name": "Poa jamalinensis", "authorship": "Prob." }, { "name": "Poa janczewskii", "authorship": "Zapał." }, { "name": "Poa kamtschatica", "authorship": "Fisch. ex Roshev." }, { "name": "Poa kitaibelii", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Poa laevis", "authorship": "Borbás" }, { "name": "Poa miliacea", "authorship": "Kit. ex Schult." }, { "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. kitaibelii", "authorship": "K.Richt." }, { "name": "Poa nemoralis var. fertilis", "authorship": "(Host) Wimm." }, { "name": "Poa palustris f. coarctata", "authorship": "(Peterm.) Soó" }, { "name": "Poa palustris f. pauciflora", "authorship": "(Peterm.) Soó" }, { "name": "Poa palustris f. turfosa", "authorship": "(Peterm.) Soó" }, { "name": "Poa palustris subsp. palustris", "authorship": null }, { "name": "Poa palustris subsp. volhynensis", "authorship": "(Klokov) Tzvelev" }, { "name": "Poa palustris subsp. xerotica", "authorship": "Chrtek & V.Jirásek" }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. adspersa", "authorship": "(Drejer) Nyman" }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. depauperata", "authorship": "(Kit. ex Spreng.) Asch. & Graebn." }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. effusa", "authorship": "(Kit.) Asch. & Graebn." }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. fertilis", "authorship": "(Host) Asch. & Graebn." }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. glabra", "authorship": "(Döll) Asch." }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. halophila", "authorship": "Tzvelev" }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. major", "authorship": "Roth" }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. muralis", "authorship": "(Schltdl.) Asch." }, { "name": "Poa palustris var. palustris", "authorship": null }, { "name": "Poa pinetorum", "authorship": "Klokov" }, { "name": "Poa pseudonemoralis", "authorship": "Schur" }, { "name": "Poa riparia", "authorship": "Wolf ex Hoffm." }, { "name": "Poa rotundata", "authorship": "Trin." }, { "name": "Poa schultesii", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Poa selemdzhensis", "authorship": "Prob." }, { "name": "Poa serotina", "authorship": "Ehrh." }, { "name": "Poa serotina", "authorship": "Ehrh. ex Hoffm." }, { "name": "Poa serotina var. fertilis", "authorship": "(Host) Blytt" }, { "name": "Poa serotina var. pseudofertilis", "authorship": "Mutel" }, { "name": "Poa serotina var. tenuissima", "authorship": "H.Post" }, { "name": "Poa triflora", "authorship": "Gilib." }, { "name": "Poa volhynensis", "authorship": "Klokov" } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poa_palustris" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 187, "licences": [ "CC-BY" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 147524617, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Yurii Basov", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yurii_basov", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/853416a0-123a-4803-add2-4cfcf41bf927", "observed_on": "2021-07-31", "lat": 61.5, "lon": 64.051, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 577 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/147524617/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/147524617/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/147524617/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/147524617/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Yurii Basov, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 144072674, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Yurii Basov", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yurii_basov", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e62024ea-4b9c-4cec-9bef-f7c0cec46f4b", "observed_on": "2021-07-17", "lat": 57.074, "lon": 65.962, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 577 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144072674/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144072674/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144072674/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144072674/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Yurii Basov, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 96939423, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "evgeniq_benihanov", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/evgeniq_benihanov", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cf0d27bd-61ac-47db-9ff6-c92b27454183", "observed_on": "2020-09-24", "lat": 54.245, "lon": 37.648, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/96939423/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/96939423/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/96939423/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/96939423/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "evgeniq_benihanov, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 89226412, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Александр Тихонов", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/alexandr_tichonov", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6f602f97-9161-4f96-b21b-b2f31930158b", "observed_on": "2020-08-10", "lat": 57.664, "lon": 39.902, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/89226412/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/89226412/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/89226412/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/89226412/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Александр Тихонов, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 50030381, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Quinten Wiegersma", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/birds_bugs_botany", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d84df73d-91af-4bb1-bf3b-fb2414b42f6e", "observed_on": "2019-08-27", "lat": 51.799, "lon": -80.691, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50030381/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50030381/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50030381/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50030381/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 48713436, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Dmitriy Bochkov", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/convallaria1128", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/c8533e17-ce93-4d3a-a90c-c9f5e2710392", "observed_on": "2019-08-19", "lat": 55.752, "lon": 37.705, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48713436/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48713436/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48713436/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/48713436/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Dmitriy Bochkov, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 157977821, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Matt Lavin", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mattlavin", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d8d1725d-9064-41eb-aeb6-01e56b2d40da", "observed_on": "2014-08-29", "lat": 45.475, "lon": -110.957, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157977821/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157977821/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157977821/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157977821/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Matt Lavin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 187271372, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Eric Lamb", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3fe66b63-cb92-40fa-b2a8-e960821319e5", "observed_on": "2021-08-07", "lat": 53.981, "lon": -106.285, "original": { "width": 911, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187271372/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187271372/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187271372/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187271372/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "ALT", "AMU", "BRY", "CHN", "CHS", "CTA", "CHI", "IRN", "IRK", "KAM", "KAZ", "KHA", "KGZ", "KOR", "KRA", "KUR", "MAG", "CHM", "MON", "NCS", "PRM", "SAK", "TZK", "TCS", "TKM", "TVA", "UZB", "WSB", "CHX", "YAK", "ALB", "AUT", "BLT", "BLR", "BGM", "BUL", "RUC", "CZE", "DEN", "RUE", "FIN", "FRA", "GER", "GRC", "HUN", "ITA", "KRI", "KRY", "YUG", "NET", "RUN", "RUW", "NOR", "POL", "ROM", "RUS", "SWE", "SWI", "UKR", "ASK", "ABT", "ALU", "ARI", "BRC", "CAL", "COL", "CNT", "DEL", "WDC", "GNL", "ILL", "INI", "IOW", "LAB", "MAI", "MAN", "MRY", "MAS", "MIC", "MIN", "MSI", "MSO", "MNT", "NEB", "NEV", "NBR", "NWH", "NWJ", "NWM", "NWY", "NFL", "NCA", "NDA", "NWT", "NSC", "NUN", "OHI", "ONT", "ORE", "PEN", "PEI", "QUE", "RHO", "SAS", "SCA", "SDA", "TEN", "UTA", "VER", "VRG", "WAS", "WVA", "WIS", "WYO", "YUK" ], "regions": [ { "code": "ALT", "name": "Altay", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "AMU", "name": "Amur", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "BRY", "name": "Buryatiya", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "CHN", "name": "China North-Central", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "China" }, { "code": "CHS", "name": "China Southeast", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "China" }, { "code": "CTA", "name": "Chita", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "CHI", "name": "Inner Mongolia", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "China" }, { "code": "IRN", "name": "Iran", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "IRK", "name": "Irkutsk", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "KAM", "name": "Kamchatka", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "KAZ", "name": "Kazakhstan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Central Asia" }, { "code": "KHA", "name": "Khabarovsk", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "KGZ", "name": "Kirgizstan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Central Asia" }, { "code": "KOR", "name": "Korea", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Eastern Asia" }, { "code": "KRA", "name": "Krasnoyarsk", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "KUR", "name": "Kuril Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "MAG", "name": "Magadan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "CHM", "name": "Manchuria", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "China" }, { "code": "MON", "name": "Mongolia", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Mongolia" }, { "code": "NCS", "name": "North Caucasus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "PRM", "name": "Primorye", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "SAK", "name": "Sakhalin", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Russian Far East" }, { "code": "TZK", "name": "Tadzhikistan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Central Asia" }, { "code": "TCS", "name": "Transcaucasus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "TKM", "name": "Turkmenistan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Central Asia" }, { "code": "TVA", "name": "Tuva", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "UZB", "name": "Uzbekistan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Central Asia" }, { "code": "WSB", "name": "West Siberia", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "CHX", "name": "Xinjiang", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "China" }, { "code": "YAK", "name": "Yakutiya", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "ALB", "name": "Albania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "AUT", "name": "Austria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BLT", "name": "Baltic States", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "BLR", "name": "Belarus", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "BGM", "name": "Belgium", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BUL", "name": "Bulgaria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUC", "name": "Central European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "CZE", "name": "Czechia-Slovakia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "DEN", "name": "Denmark", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "RUE", "name": "East European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "FIN", "name": "Finland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "GER", "name": "Germany", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "HUN", "name": "Hungary", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRI", "name": "Kriti", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRY", "name": "Krym", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "YUG", "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "NET", "name": "Netherlands", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "RUN", "name": "North European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUW", "name": "Northwest European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "NOR", "name": "Norway", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "POL", "name": "Poland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "ROM", "name": "Romania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUS", "name": "South European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "SWE", "name": "Sweden", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "SWI", "name": "Switzerland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "UKR", "name": "Ukraine", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "ASK", "name": "Alaska", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "ABT", "name": "Alberta", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "ALU", "name": "Aleutian Is.", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "ARI", "name": "Arizona", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "BRC", "name": "British Columbia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "CAL", "name": "California", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "COL", "name": "Colorado", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "CNT", "name": "Connecticut", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "DEL", "name": "Delaware", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WDC", "name": "District of Columbia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "GNL", "name": "Greenland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "ILL", "name": "Illinois", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "INI", "name": "Indiana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "IOW", "name": "Iowa", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "LAB", "name": "Labrador", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "MAI", "name": "Maine", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MAN", "name": "Manitoba", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "MRY", "name": "Maryland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MAS", "name": "Massachusetts", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MIC", "name": "Michigan", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MIN", "name": "Minnesota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "MSI", "name": "Mississippi", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MSO", "name": "Missouri", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "MNT", "name": "Montana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NEB", "name": "Nebraska", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NEV", "name": "Nevada", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NBR", "name": "New Brunswick", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "NWH", "name": "New Hampshire", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWJ", "name": "New Jersey", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWM", "name": "New Mexico", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "South-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWY", "name": "New York", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NFL", "name": "Newfoundland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "NCA", "name": "North Carolina", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NDA", "name": "North Dakota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "NSC", "name": "Nova Scotia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "NUN", "name": "Nunavut", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "OHI", "name": "Ohio", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "ONT", "name": "Ontario", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "ORE", "name": "Oregon", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "PEN", "name": "Pennsylvania", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "PEI", "name": "Prince Edward I.", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "QUE", "name": "Québec", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "RHO", "name": "Rhode I.", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "SAS", "name": "Saskatchewan", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "SCA", "name": "South Carolina", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "SDA", "name": "South Dakota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "TEN", "name": "Tennessee", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "UTA", "name": "Utah", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "VER", "name": "Vermont", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "VRG", "name": "Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WAS", "name": "Washington", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WVA", "name": "West Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WIS", "name": "Wisconsin", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "WYO", "name": "Wyoming", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "YUK", "name": "Yukon", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 4, "n_annotated": 39, "sufficient": false, "fruiting": { "n": 32, "by_month": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 10, 12, 1, 5, 2, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, null, null, 0.4, 0.7692, 1, null, 0.8333, null, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, null, null, [ 0.1176, 0.7693 ], [ 0.4974, 0.9182 ], [ 0.7575, 1 ], null, [ 0.4365, 0.9699 ], null, null ], "peak_month": 8 }, "doi": null, "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "perennial", "climate": "temperate" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 2.1, "median": 5.3, "p95": 9 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 771.3, "median": 958.5, "p95": 1195.9 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 21.4, "median": 23.1, "p95": 26.3 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -18.5, "median": -10.8, "p95": -5 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 485.3, "median": 668.4, "p95": 1053.4 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 17, "median": 29.8, "p95": 51.3 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 57.4, "median": 107.7, "p95": 198 }, "n": 1632, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": null, "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1632 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "insufficient_evidence", "reason": "Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/poa-palustris/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }