{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/poa-nemoralis/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "poa-nemoralis",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000893068",
    "inat_taxon_id": 78649
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Poa nemoralis",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Poa",
    "epithet": "nemoralis",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 69 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320039-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "wood bluegrass",
      "english": [
        "wood bluegrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agrestis alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba f. alba",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis alba var. alba",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis aristata",
        "authorship": "Sinclair ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis conferta",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis cremenica",
        "authorship": "Besser ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis disticha",
        "authorship": "Schweigg. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera f. alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera f. alba",
        "authorship": "Neinshaus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis stolonifera var. alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lilj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vulgaris var. alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) Gatt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira elodes",
        "authorship": "Brign."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira helodec",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira helodes",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira petraea",
        "authorship": "Bellardi ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Catabrosa elodes",
        "authorship": "(Brign.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Catabrosa helodes",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Decandolia alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) T.Bastard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eragrostis tenuis",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca asperrima",
        "authorship": "Hornem. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca depauperata",
        "authorship": "Bertol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Milium album",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Milium vulgare var. album",
        "authorship": "(L.) Mérat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Paneion nemorale",
        "authorship": "(L.) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa acmocalyx",
        "authorship": "Keng f. & L.Liu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa adjarica",
        "authorship": "(Sommier & Levier) A.P.Khokhr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa alexeenkoi",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Czerep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa angustifolia var. cinerea",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Mérat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa angustifolia var. nemoralis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa asperula",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caespitosa",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa carpatica subsp. supramontana",
        "authorship": "Bernátová, Májovský, Kliment & Topercer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa cinerea",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa coarctata var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa debilis",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa dubia",
        "authorship": "Suter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa eligulata",
        "authorship": "Pavlov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa firma",
        "authorship": "Wormsk. ex Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa firmula",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. glaucantha",
        "authorship": "(Gaudich.) Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. debilis",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glaucantha",
        "authorship": "Schleich. ex Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glaucescens",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa gmelinii",
        "authorship": "Koeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa gracilescens",
        "authorship": "Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa hypanica",
        "authorship": "Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa juncea",
        "authorship": "Suter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa juncoides",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa kumgansani",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa lapponica",
        "authorship": "Prokudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa lapponica subsp. acmocalyx",
        "authorship": "(Keng f. & L.Liu) Olonova & G.H.Zhu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa lapponica subsp. pilipes",
        "authorship": "(Keng f. ex Shan Chen) Olonova & G.H.Zhu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa lapponica var. turiensis",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa marginata",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa montana",
        "authorship": "All."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa muralis",
        "authorship": "Honck."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis f. colorata",
        "authorship": "Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis f. glaucantha",
        "authorship": "(Schleich. ex Gaudin) Ghisa & Beldie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis f. multiflora",
        "authorship": "Döll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis f. tenella",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis prol. caespitosa",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis prol. debilis",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. alexeenkoi",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. balbisii",
        "authorship": "(Balb.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. caespitosa",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. coarctata",
        "authorship": "(Hall.f. ex Gaudin) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. debilis",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. firmula",
        "authorship": "(Hall.f. ex Gaudin) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. hylaea",
        "authorship": "Galanin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. hypanica",
        "authorship": "(Prokudin) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. juncoides",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Prokudin) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. nemoralis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. parca",
        "authorship": "(N.R.Cui) D.F.Cui"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. parnellii",
        "authorship": "(Bab.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. subpolaris",
        "authorship": "(Kuvaev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. uniflora",
        "authorship": "(Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Schübl. & G.Martens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. acuta",
        "authorship": "Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. adjarica",
        "authorship": "Sommier & Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. agrostoides",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. albocaulis",
        "authorship": "Plues"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. alpina",
        "authorship": "Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. atrovirens",
        "authorship": "Pauquy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. balbisii",
        "authorship": "(Balb.) Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. bistricensis",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. carpatica",
        "authorship": "V.Jirásek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. coarctata",
        "authorship": "(Gaudich.) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. coarctata",
        "authorship": "(Hall.f. ex Gaudin) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. depauperata",
        "authorship": "(Bertol.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. elatior",
        "authorship": "Plues"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. firmula",
        "authorship": "Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. glaucantha",
        "authorship": "(Gaudich.) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. kumgansanii",
        "authorship": "(Ohwi) H.S.Kim"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. linnaei",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. loiseaui",
        "authorship": "Portal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. major",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. marginata",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. miboroides",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. micrantha",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. miliacea",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. minor",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. montana",
        "authorship": "(All.) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. nemoralis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. oligostachya",
        "authorship": "Goiran"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. palustris",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. parca",
        "authorship": "N.R.Cui"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. pluriflora",
        "authorship": "Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. pocutica",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. polyclada",
        "authorship": "Portal & Loiseau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. popovii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. rariflora",
        "authorship": "P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. rigidior",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. rigidula",
        "authorship": "Mert. & W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. scheuchzeri",
        "authorship": "(Suter) Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. schoenosperma",
        "authorship": "Ducommun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. sempervirens",
        "authorship": "Plues"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. spongifera",
        "authorship": "Lej."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. tenella",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Čelak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. zhitomirica",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa parnellii",
        "authorship": "Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pilipes",
        "authorship": "Keng f. ex Shan Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa polymorpha",
        "authorship": "Wibel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pratensis var. cinerea",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Mathieu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pratensis var. fagetorum",
        "authorship": "Rech. & T.C.Scheff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pseudocaesia",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pyramidalis",
        "authorship": "Clairv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa rariflora",
        "authorship": "Desf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa recta",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa salebrosa",
        "authorship": "Panz. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa scheuchzeri",
        "authorship": "Suter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa scopulorum",
        "authorship": "Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa serotina var. nemoralis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa subpolaris",
        "authorship": "Kuvaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tenuis",
        "authorship": "Elliott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tenuis",
        "authorship": "Clairv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tormentuosa",
        "authorship": "Butters & Abbe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa variegata",
        "authorship": "Host ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa alba",
        "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Vilfa neglecta",
        "authorship": "P.Beauv. ex Steud."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poa_nemoralis"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 319,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 205225156,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jason Grant",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jasonrgrant",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/08c32780-59c4-43e8-a95a-92b73362d126",
        "observed_on": "2022-06-11",
        "lat": 46.699,
        "lon": 5.734,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205225156/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205225156/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205225156/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205225156/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jason Grant, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 205549420,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Pavel Kacl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9ef306cb-f902-4268-bf81-8d075add25fb",
        "observed_on": "2022-06-11",
        "lat": 50.759,
        "lon": 14.941,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205549420/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205549420/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205549420/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205549420/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201692651,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Liubov Ilminska",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/liubov_ilminska",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f523f12b-1429-46c6-97ee-d9d63dcaba2f",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-29",
        "lat": 48.965,
        "lon": 30.229,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 701
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201692651/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201692651/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201692651/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201692651/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Liubov Ilminska, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201912496,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Wolfgang Jauch",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/epsilon",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74eb6125-d8c6-4463-acd7-ef2008b00956",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-29",
        "lat": 48.159,
        "lon": 9.87,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201912496/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201912496/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201912496/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201912496/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Wolfgang Jauch, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201296459,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Pavel Kacl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ae8527ef-74c9-42d9-a9e0-d1eab2121b71",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-28",
        "lat": 49.942,
        "lon": 14.194,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201296459/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201296459/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201296459/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201296459/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201503139,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Pavel Kacl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3d4216ed-3b18-46cb-94bb-ac88df767851",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-28",
        "lat": 49.944,
        "lon": 14.201,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201503139/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201503139/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201503139/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201503139/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 195694050,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Daniel Cahen",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/danielcahen",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8e8c5de5-7a6f-431f-9e7a-8a1bf57904d5",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-07",
        "lat": 51.667,
        "lon": -0.532,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195694050/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195694050/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195694050/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195694050/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 193882932,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Pavel Kacl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5d2346b9-5b64-4c6f-924e-0e2a5e362fed",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-01",
        "lat": 50.109,
        "lon": 14.369,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193882932/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193882932/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193882932/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193882932/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "MOR",
      "AFG",
      "ALT",
      "AMU",
      "BRY",
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CHI",
      "IRN",
      "IRK",
      "JAP",
      "KAM",
      "KAZ",
      "KHA",
      "KGZ",
      "KOR",
      "KRA",
      "KUR",
      "LBS",
      "MAG",
      "CHM",
      "MON",
      "NCS",
      "PRM",
      "SAK",
      "TZK",
      "CHT",
      "TCS",
      "TKM",
      "TVA",
      "TUR",
      "UZB",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "YAK",
      "EHM",
      "NEP",
      "PAK",
      "WHM",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BLT",
      "BLR",
      "BGM",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "COR",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "RUE",
      "FIN",
      "FRA",
      "FOR",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "ICE",
      "ITA",
      "KRY",
      "YUG",
      "NET",
      "RUN",
      "RUW",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "POR",
      "ROM",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "TUE",
      "UKR",
      "ASK",
      "ABT",
      "ALU",
      "ARI",
      "BRC",
      "CAL",
      "COL",
      "CNT",
      "DEL",
      "IDA",
      "ILL",
      "INI",
      "IOW",
      "MAI",
      "MAN",
      "MRY",
      "MAS",
      "MIC",
      "MIN",
      "MSO",
      "MNT",
      "NEB",
      "NEV",
      "NBR",
      "NWH",
      "NWJ",
      "NWY",
      "NCA",
      "NDA",
      "NWT",
      "NSC",
      "OHI",
      "ONT",
      "ORE",
      "PEN",
      "QUE",
      "RHO",
      "SAS",
      "SDA",
      "TEN",
      "TEX",
      "UTA",
      "VER",
      "VRG",
      "WAS",
      "WIS",
      "WYO",
      "YUK"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FOR",
        "name": "Føroyar",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALU",
        "name": "Aleutian Is.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "DEL",
        "name": "Delaware",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 19,
    "n_annotated": 52,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 4.3,
      "median": 8,
      "p95": 10.4
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 589.8,
      "median": 809.7,
      "p95": 1069.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 20.3,
      "median": 23.4,
      "p95": 26.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -12.9,
      "median": -6.2,
      "p95": -1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 532.1,
      "median": 669.9,
      "p95": 1179.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11.7,
      "median": 28.6,
      "p95": 43.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 83.1,
      "median": 113.2,
      "p95": 223.3
    },
    "n": 1965,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1965 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 19 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/poa-nemoralis/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}