{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/poa-glauca/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "poa-glauca",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000892407",
    "inat_taxon_id": 78641
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Poa glauca",
    "authorship": "Vahl",
    "genus": "Poa",
    "epithet": "glauca",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Dan. 17: 3 (1790)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:204239-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "glaucous bluegrass",
      "english": [
        "glaucous bluegrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Catabrosa pauciflora",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Colpodium pauciflorum",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia hugoniana",
        "authorship": "Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Paneion glaucum",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa altaica",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa altaica f. subtilis",
        "authorship": "Malyschev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa altaica var. elatior",
        "authorship": "Trautv. & C.A.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa anadyrica",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa annua var. caesia",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa arctica var. altaica",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa arctostepporum",
        "authorship": "Jurtzev & N.S.Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa aspera",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa aspera var. laxiuscula",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa aspera var. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa badachschanica",
        "authorship": "Ikonn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa balfourii",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa balfourii var. rigida",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa blyttii",
        "authorship": "Lindeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa bryophila",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia f. elatior",
        "authorship": "Andersson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia f. macra",
        "authorship": "Andersson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia subsp. briquetii",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia subsp. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. aspera",
        "authorship": "(Gaudich.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. balfourii",
        "authorship": "(Parn.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. cernua",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. flaccida",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. frearitis",
        "authorship": "Halácsy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. freartis",
        "authorship": "Orph. ex Halácsy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. gaudinii",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Heynh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. rigida",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa caesia var. strictior",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa cernua",
        "authorship": "Schleich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa conferta",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa densissima",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa dissitiflora",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa evenkiensis",
        "authorship": "Reverd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa extremiorientalis",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa freartitis",
        "authorship": "Orph. ex Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa ganeschinii",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa gaudinii",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca f. atrata",
        "authorship": "Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca f. pallida",
        "authorship": "(Lange) J.Cay."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. bryophila",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Kuvaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. conferta",
        "authorship": "Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. extremiorientalis",
        "authorship": "(Ohwi) Vorosch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. frearitis",
        "authorship": "(Orph. ex Halácsy) H.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. kitadakensis",
        "authorship": "(Ohwi) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. litwinowiana",
        "authorship": "(Ovcz.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca subsp. reverdattoi",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. anadryica",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. anadyrica",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. atroviolacea",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. bryophila",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. caesia",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. conferta",
        "authorship": "(Lindm.) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. decumbens",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. elatior",
        "authorship": "(Andersson) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. glauca",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. kitadakensis",
        "authorship": "(Ohwi) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. laxiuscula",
        "authorship": "(Blytt) Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. miliacea",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. pekulnejensis",
        "authorship": "(Jurtzev & Tzvelev) Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. robusta",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. rupicola",
        "authorship": "(Nash) W.A.Weber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. strictior",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) M.E.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. subulata",
        "authorship": "Lindm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauca var. tenuior",
        "authorship": "Simmons"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa glauciculmis",
        "authorship": "Ovcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa kitadakensis",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa lapidosa",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa laxa var. tristis",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa laxiuscula",
        "authorship": "(Blytt) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa litwinowiana",
        "authorship": "Ovcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa marginata",
        "authorship": "Ovcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa misera var. alpina",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nascopieana",
        "authorship": "Polunin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. caesia",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis subsp. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa nemoralis var. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pekulnejensis",
        "authorship": "Jurtzev & Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa pseudotremuloides",
        "authorship": "Ovcz. & Czukav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa reverdattoi",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa ruida",
        "authorship": "Litv. ex Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa rupestris",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa seorsa",
        "authorship": "Litv. ex Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa serotina",
        "authorship": "Mørch ex Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa serotina var. firma",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa shapshalica",
        "authorship": "Olonova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa soczawae",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa sphondylodes var. alpina",
        "authorship": "(Koidz.) Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa taiwanicola",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tremuloides",
        "authorship": "Litv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tristis",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tristis subsp. bryophila",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Olonova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa tristis subsp. litwinowiana",
        "authorship": "(Ovcz.) Olonova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa turczaninovii",
        "authorship": "L.L Serg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa udensis",
        "authorship": "Trautv. & C.A.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa versicolor subsp. reverdattoi",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Olonova & G.H.Zhu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa viridis",
        "authorship": "Schreb."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poa_glauca"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 18,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 143191850,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "nina_nesterova",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nina_nesterova",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8c5cb16c-534f-4b04-953a-21b180391d03",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-13",
        "lat": 69.287,
        "lon": 88.207,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 576
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191850/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191850/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191850/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191850/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "nina_nesterova, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 47280624,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Syd Cannings",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/sydcannings",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/a48f9678-c9c1-42a5-b391-1048b9153730",
        "observed_on": "2019-07-28",
        "lat": 69.16,
        "lon": -140.2,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47280624/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47280624/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47280624/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47280624/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Syd Cannings, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 65516903,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "desertnaturalist",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/desertnaturalist",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5b1b75d5-6db0-4ee5-a5f7-dc3c4c2b9008",
        "observed_on": "2018-07-30",
        "lat": 64.855,
        "lon": -14.45,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 948
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/65516903/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/65516903/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/65516903/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/65516903/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "desertnaturalist, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 190935109,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Eric Lamb",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d82b39f3-71a4-42ca-9721-50561776baeb",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-17",
        "lat": 63,
        "lon": -92.193,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 884
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935109/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935109/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935109/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935109/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 190935126,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Eric Lamb",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d82b39f3-71a4-42ca-9721-50561776baeb",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-17",
        "lat": 63,
        "lon": -92.193,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1019
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935126/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935126/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935126/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190935126/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 143191884,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "nina_nesterova",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nina_nesterova",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8c5cb16c-534f-4b04-953a-21b180391d03",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-13",
        "lat": 69.287,
        "lon": 88.207,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 576
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191884/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191884/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191884/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143191884/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "nina_nesterova, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 156698593,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Marc-Aurèle Vallée",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marc_aurele",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/394381c2-cfba-4ea7-8df2-a39e3bdd314b",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-11",
        "lat": 48.366,
        "lon": -68.819,
        "original": {
          "width": 766,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          766
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698593/r1/400.avif",
            "766": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698593/r1/766.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698593/r1/400.jpg",
            "766": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698593/r1/766.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Marc-Aurèle Vallée, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 156698631,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Marc-Aurèle Vallée",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marc_aurele",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/394381c2-cfba-4ea7-8df2-a39e3bdd314b",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-11",
        "lat": 48.366,
        "lon": -68.819,
        "original": {
          "width": 766,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          766
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698631/r1/400.avif",
            "766": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698631/r1/766.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698631/r1/400.jpg",
            "766": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156698631/r1/766.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Marc-Aurèle Vallée, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "MOR",
      "AFG",
      "ALT",
      "AMU",
      "BRY",
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CTA",
      "CHI",
      "IRN",
      "IRK",
      "JAP",
      "KAM",
      "KAZ",
      "KHA",
      "KGZ",
      "KOR",
      "KRA",
      "MAG",
      "CHM",
      "MON",
      "NCS",
      "PRM",
      "CHQ",
      "TZK",
      "TAI",
      "CHT",
      "TCS",
      "TVA",
      "UZB",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "YAK",
      "NEP",
      "PAK",
      "WHM",
      "AUT",
      "CZE",
      "RUE",
      "FIN",
      "FRA",
      "FOR",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "GRC",
      "ICE",
      "ITA",
      "YUG",
      "RUN",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "SPA",
      "SVA",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "ASK",
      "ABT",
      "ARI",
      "BRC",
      "CAL",
      "COL",
      "GNL",
      "IDA",
      "LAB",
      "MAI",
      "MAN",
      "MIC",
      "MIN",
      "MNT",
      "NEV",
      "NBR",
      "NWH",
      "NWM",
      "NWY",
      "NFL",
      "NWT",
      "NSC",
      "NUN",
      "ONT",
      "ORE",
      "PEN",
      "QUE",
      "SAS",
      "SDA",
      "UTA",
      "VER",
      "WAS",
      "WIS",
      "WYO",
      "YUK"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FOR",
        "name": "Føroyar",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SVA",
        "name": "Svalbard",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GNL",
        "name": "Greenland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 21,
    "n_annotated": 28,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "subalpine or subarctic"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -12.3,
      "median": -2.1,
      "p95": 5
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 597.7,
      "median": 1034.4,
      "p95": 1487.4
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 4.4,
      "median": 15.5,
      "p95": 22.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -32.1,
      "median": -20.5,
      "p95": -5.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 241.2,
      "median": 609.1,
      "p95": 1751
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 17.2,
      "median": 39.6,
      "p95": 70.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 25.4,
      "median": 82.9,
      "p95": 271.5
    },
    "n": 139,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 139 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 21 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/poa-glauca/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}