{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/plantago-subulata/", "last_modified": "2024-06-04", "id": { "slug": "plantago-subulata", "wfo": "wfo-0000487291", "inat_taxon_id": 335875 }, "name": { "scientific": "Plantago subulata", "authorship": "L.", "genus": "Plantago", "epithet": "subulata", "family": "Plantaginaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 115 (1753)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:685703-1", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Plantaginella carinata", "authorship": "Fourr." }, { "name": "Plantaginella subulata", "authorship": "(L.) Fourr." }, { "name": "Plantago acanthophylla", "authorship": "Decne." }, { "name": "Plantago acanthophylla var. eriophora", "authorship": "Vayr." }, { "name": "Plantago alpina var. capitellata", "authorship": "(Ramond ex DC.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch" }, { "name": "Plantago brachyphylla", "authorship": "Roem. & Schult." }, { "name": "Plantago capitella", "authorship": "Ramond ex DC." }, { "name": "Plantago capitellata", "authorship": "Ramond ex DC." }, { "name": "Plantago carinata", "authorship": "Schrad. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch" }, { "name": "Plantago carinata", "authorship": "Lange" }, { "name": "Plantago gerardii", "authorship": "Schult." }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum", "authorship": "Scop." }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum f. vestita", "authorship": "Pic.Serm." }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum subsp. grovesii", "authorship": "(Bég.) Brullo" }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum subsp. libanotica", "authorship": "(Pilg.) Chrtek" }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum subsp. littoralis", "authorship": "(Rouy) Chrtek" }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum subsp. macrantha", "authorship": "Chrtek" }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum var. filifolia", "authorship": "Sennen ex Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum var. gallica", "authorship": "Chrtek" }, { "name": "Plantago holosteum var. littoralis", "authorship": "(Rouy) Kerguélen" }, { "name": "Plantago humilis", "authorship": "Jan ex Guss." }, { "name": "Plantago humilis subsp. atlantis", "authorship": "(Emb. & Maire) Brullo, Pavone & Terrasi" }, { "name": "Plantago humilis subsp. granatensis", "authorship": "(Willk.) Brullo, Pavone & Terrasi" }, { "name": "Plantago humilis subsp. insularis", "authorship": "(Godr.) Kerguélen & Lambinon" }, { "name": "Plantago humilis subsp. sarda", "authorship": "(C.Presl) Brullo, Pavone & Terrasi" }, { "name": "Plantago incana", "authorship": "Roem. & Schult." }, { "name": "Plantago incurvata", "authorship": "Murray" }, { "name": "Plantago lagascae", "authorship": "Dufour ex Barnéoud" }, { "name": "Plantago maritima var. apennina", "authorship": "N.Terracc." }, { "name": "Plantago maritima var. carinata", "authorship": "Trevir." }, { "name": "Plantago maritima var. wulfenii", "authorship": "(Spreng.) Spreng." }, { "name": "Plantago pungens", "authorship": "Lapeyr." }, { "name": "Plantago radicata", "authorship": "Hoffmanns. & Link" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata f. gigantea", "authorship": "P.Silva" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata f. glabrescens", "authorship": "Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago radicata subsp. acanthophylla", "authorship": "(Decne.) Franco" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata subsp. acantophylla", "authorship": "(Decne.) Franco" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata subsp. granatensis", "authorship": "(Willk.) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata subsp. monticola", "authorship": "(Samp.) Franco" }, { "name": "Plantago radicata var. acanthophylla", "authorship": "(Decne.) Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago radicata var. monticola", "authorship": "Samp." }, { "name": "Plantago radicata var. tenuior", "authorship": "Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata prol. capitellata", "authorship": "(Ramond ex DC.) Rouy" }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata subsp. humilis", "authorship": "(Jan ex Guss.) Nyman" }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata var. capitellata", "authorship": "(Ramond ex DC.) Gaut." }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata var. littoralis", "authorship": "Rouy" }, { "name": "Plantago recurvata var. longibracteata", "authorship": "Cout." }, { "name": "Plantago sarda", "authorship": "C.Presl" }, { "name": "Plantago sarda var. alpinoides", "authorship": "Gamisans" }, { "name": "Plantago serpentina", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Plantago serpentina var. acanthophylla", "authorship": "(Decne.) Gaut." }, { "name": "Plantago serrata", "authorship": "Haller f. ex Gaudin" }, { "name": "Plantago sessiliflora", "authorship": "Lapeyr." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata", "authorship": "Wulfen" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata f. grovesii", "authorship": "Bég." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata prol. insularis", "authorship": "(Godr.) Rouy" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. atlantis", "authorship": "(Emb. & Maire) Greuter & Burdet" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. capitellata", "authorship": "(Ramond ex DC.) Arcang." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. granatensis", "authorship": "(Willk.) Malag." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. holosteum", "authorship": "(Scop.) O.Bolòs & Vigo" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. humilis", "authorship": "(Jan ex Guss.) Greuter & Burdet" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. insularis", "authorship": "(Godr.) Nyman" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata subsp. radicata", "authorship": "(Hoffmanns. & Link) O.Bolòs & Vigo" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. acanthophylla", "authorship": "(Decne.) Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. atlantis", "authorship": "Emb. & Maire" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. capitellata", "authorship": "(Ramond ex DC.) Decne." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. granatensis", "authorship": "Willk." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. grovesii", "authorship": "(Bég.) Pilg." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. insularis", "authorship": "Godr." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. masclansii", "authorship": "O.Bolòs & Vigo" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. pungens", "authorship": "(Lapeyr.) Decne." }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. radicata", "authorship": "(Hoffmanns. & Link) Nyman" }, { "name": "Plantago subulata var. sarda", "authorship": "(C.Presl)" }, { "name": "Plantago triquetra", "authorship": "Pers." }, { "name": "Plantago wulfenii", "authorship": "Spreng." }, { "name": "Plantago zerpentina", "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch" } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 31, "licences": [ "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 135825901, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Bastien Alegot", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/bastienalegot", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d95b862b-4d49-4e79-b42b-0425d257f72f", "observed_on": "2021-06-11", "lat": 44.04, "lon": 3.39, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { 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"photo_id": 8074497, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Thomas Koffel", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/tkoffel", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/27ca33b2-22bf-4c61-bf2e-0a49cbb3e377", "observed_on": "2017-05-25", "lat": 43.662, "lon": 2.989, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8074497/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8074497/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8074497/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8074497/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Thomas Koffel, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 135534258, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Christian Berg", 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"Ljaž, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "ALG", "MOR", "EAI", "LBS", "TUR", "ALB", "AUT", "BUL", "COR", "FRA", "GRC", "ITA", "YUG", "POR", "ROM", "SAR", "SIC", "SPA", "TUE" ], "regions": [ { "code": "ALG", "name": "Algeria", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "MOR", "name": "Morocco", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "EAI", "name": "East Aegean Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "LBS", "name": "Lebanon-Syria", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "TUR", "name": "Türkiye", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "ALB", "name": "Albania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "AUT", "name": "Austria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BUL", "name": "Bulgaria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "COR", "name": "Corse", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "YUG", "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "POR", "name": "Portugal", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "ROM", "name": "Romania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "SAR", "name": "Sardegna", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SIC", "name": "Sicilia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "SPA", "name": "Spain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "TUE", "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 38, "n_annotated": 98, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 0, 0, 0, 4, 20, 12, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 3, 10, 2, 11, 27, 16, 9, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5 ], "share": [ null, 0, null, 0.3636, 0.7407, 0.75, 0.2222, null, null, null, null, 0 ], "ci": [ null, [ 0, 0.2775 ], null, [ 0.1517, 0.6462 ], [ 0.5532, 0.8683 ], [ 0.505, 0.8982 ], [ 0.0632, 0.5474 ], null, null, null, null, [ 0, 0.4345 ] ], "peak_month": 6, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "fruiting": { "n": 34, "by_month": [ 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 4, 7, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4 ], "share": [ null, 0.2, null, 0.0909, 0.037, 0.25, 0.7778, null, null, null, null, 0.8 ], "ci": [ null, [ 0.0567, 0.5098 ], null, [ 0.0162, 0.3774 ], [ 0.0066, 0.1828 ], [ 0.1018, 0.495 ], [ 0.4526, 0.9368 ], null, null, null, null, [ 0.3755, 0.9638 ] ], "peak_month": 12 }, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "perennial", "climate": "temperate" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 9, "median": 15.6, "p95": 16.2 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 455.2, "median": 522.7, "p95": 641.5 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 20.8, "median": 25.5, "p95": 27.5 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -2.7, "median": 6.3, "p95": 8.7 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 545.4, "median": 703.5, "p95": 1131.2 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 29.5, "median": 40.9, "p95": 48.9 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 52.7, "median": 78.3, "p95": 193 }, "n": 276, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 276 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/plantago-subulata/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }