{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/plagiothecium-denticulatum/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "plagiothecium-denticulatum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001152386",
    "inat_taxon_id": 166993
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Plagiothecium denticulatum",
    "authorship": "(Hedw.) Schimp.",
    "genus": "Plagiothecium",
    "epithet": "denticulatum",
    "family": "Plagiotheciaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Bryol. Eur. 5: 190. 1851.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "toothed plagiothecium moss",
      "english": [
        "toothed plagiothecium moss"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum f. acuminatum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum f. ellipticum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum f. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum f. laxum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Taylor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. brunneum",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. donnianum",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Drumm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. laxum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Lesq. & James"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. majus",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. nemorosum",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. obtusatum",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. obtusifolium",
        "authorship": "Turner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. sylvaticum",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum denticulatum var. teretiusculum",
        "authorship": "Sendtn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum donnianum",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum obtusatum",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum obtusifolium",
        "authorship": "(Turner) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum sylvaticum var. denticulatum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Sendtn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pancovia denticulata",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) J.Kickx f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium auritum",
        "authorship": "(Kern) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. acuminatum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. albescens",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. ellipticum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. flagellaceum",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. flagellaceum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. gemmicladum",
        "authorship": "Pilous"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. laetaeforme",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. laxum",
        "authorship": "Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. minimum",
        "authorship": "G.Y.Ukrainsk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. nivale",
        "authorship": "(Kern ex Mönk.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "R.Ruthe ex Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. pungens",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. radicosum",
        "authorship": "Pilous"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. recurvum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. secundum",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. speciosum",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. undulatum",
        "authorship": "(R.Ruthe ex Geh.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum f. zdenekii",
        "authorship": "Pilous"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum subsp. donnianum",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum subsp. ruthei",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum subsp. sulcatum",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. affine",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. auritum",
        "authorship": "Kern"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. bullulae",
        "authorship": "Grout"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. cavifolium",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. crispatulum",
        "authorship": "Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. donnianum",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Lindb. ex Weim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. donnii",
        "authorship": "Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. filescens",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. flagellaceum",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. laxum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. majus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Delogne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. nivale",
        "authorship": "Kern ex Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. obtusatum",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. orthocladum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. podperae",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. ruthei",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Riehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. schaueri",
        "authorship": "E.Bauer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. squarrosum",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) Macoun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. terricola",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium denticulatum var. vulgare",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium donnianum",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium kinlayanum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium majus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium obtusifolium",
        "authorship": "(Turner) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium obtusifolium var. nivale",
        "authorship": "(Kern ex Mönk.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium orthothecioides",
        "authorship": "(Meyl.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium podperae",
        "authorship": "(Jedl.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium pseudolaetum var. orthocladum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium pseudosilvaticum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium pseudosilvaticum var. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium rufovirescens",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. auritum",
        "authorship": "(Kern) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. capillare",
        "authorship": "(J.J.Amann) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. crassicostatum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. flagellaceum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. fontanum",
        "authorship": "Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "(Meyl.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. orthothecioides",
        "authorship": "(Meyl.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. pseudoneckeroideum",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Jedl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei f. secundum",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. capillare",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. giganteum",
        "authorship": "G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. gracile",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. imbricatum",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. orthothecioides",
        "authorship": "Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. phyllorhizans",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. pseudosilvaticum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium ruthei var. subundulatum",
        "authorship": "R.Ruthe ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sandbergii",
        "authorship": "Renauld & Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium stoloniferum",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium subdenticulatum",
        "authorship": "Correns"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum f. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum f. pungens",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum f. robustum",
        "authorship": "Pfeff. ex Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum f. viride",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. auritum",
        "authorship": "Kern"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. gracile",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. longicuspis",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. minus",
        "authorship": "Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. orthocarpum",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. propaguliferum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. pseudoneckeroideum",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. repens",
        "authorship": "Delogne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Schiffn. ex Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium sylvaticum var. squarrosum",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plagiothecium trichodeum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pylaisaea radicans",
        "authorship": "Desv. ex Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pylaisia radicans",
        "authorship": "Bach.Pyl. ex Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon denticulatus",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon denticulatus var. brunneus",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
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      {
        "name": "Stereodon denticulatus var. obtusifolius",
        "authorship": "(Turner) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon denticulatus var. sylvaticus",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon donnianus",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Mitt."
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        "attribution": "George Greiff, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 47838935,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Andrew Melton",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andrewmelton",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d2a8e9e4-d2a2-459c-a17c-9664c5ce6c3e",
        "observed_on": "2019-08-11",
        "lat": 57.183,
        "lon": -3.836,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47838935/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47838935/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47838935/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/47838935/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrew Melton, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 59586834,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Brandon Corder",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/brandoncorder",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/afcb46cf-29d9-48ed-8b12-a2eed5dd739c",
        "observed_on": "2018-09-28",
        "lat": 43.176,
        "lon": -89.932,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59586834/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59586834/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59586834/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59586834/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Brandon Corder, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": null,
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 4.7,
      "median": 9.4,
      "p95": 11.4
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 403.1,
      "median": 575.5,
      "p95": 991.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 17.5,
      "median": 23,
      "p95": 26.3
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -13.2,
      "median": -1.3,
      "p95": 3.5
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 668.9,
      "median": 1444.5,
      "p95": 3007.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12.3,
      "median": 43.7,
      "p95": 64.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 88.9,
      "median": 214,
      "p95": 339.3
    },
    "n": 199,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 199 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/plagiothecium-denticulatum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}