{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/piper-umbellatum/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "piper-umbellatum", "wfo": "wfo-0000487600", "inat_taxon_id": 285894 }, "name": { "scientific": "Piper umbellatum", "authorship": "L.", "genus": "Piper", "epithet": "umbellatum", "family": "Piperaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 30 (1753)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316339-2", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Heckeria sidifolia", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Heckeria subpeltata", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Heckeria umbellata", "authorship": "(L.) Kunth" }, { "name": "Lepianthes umbellata", "authorship": "(L.) Raf. ex Ramamoorthy" }, { "name": "Peperidia afzeliana", "authorship": "Kostel." }, { "name": "Peperidia sidifolia", "authorship": "Kostel." }, { "name": "Peperidia subpeltata", "authorship": "Kostel." }, { "name": "Peperidia umbellata", "authorship": "(L.) Kostel." }, { "name": "Peperomia grandifolia", "authorship": "A.Dietr." }, { "name": "Peperomia reniformis", "authorship": "(Poir.) A.Dietr." }, { "name": "Peperomia sidifolia", "authorship": "(Link & Otto) A.Dietr." }, { "name": "Peperomia subpeltata", "authorship": "A.Dietr." }, { "name": "Peperomia umbellata", "authorship": "(L.) Kunth" }, { "name": "Piper afzelianum", "authorship": "Schult." }, { "name": "Piper cuernavacanum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper dombeyanum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper grandifolium", "authorship": "Afzel." }, { "name": "Piper latifolium", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Piper reniforme", "authorship": "Poir." }, { "name": "Piper sidifolium", "authorship": "Link & Otto" }, { "name": "Piper subpeltatum", "authorship": "Willd." }, { "name": "Piper subpeltatum var. parvifolium", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper subpeltatum var. sidifolium", "authorship": "(Link & Otto) C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. geminatum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. glabrum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. majus", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. subpeltatum", "authorship": "(Willd.) C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. tomentellum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Piper umbellatum var. vestitum", "authorship": "C.DC." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe allenii", "authorship": "Trel." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe dombeyana", "authorship": "Miq." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe sidifolia", "authorship": "Miq." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe subpeltata", "authorship": "Miq." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata", "authorship": "(L.) Miq." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata f. glabra", "authorship": "(C.DC.) Steyerm." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata var. cuernavacana", "authorship": "(C.DC.) Trel. & Yunck." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata var. glabra", "authorship": "(C.DC.) Trel. & Yunck." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata var. glabrior", "authorship": "Miq." }, { "name": "Pothomorphe umbellata var. vestita", "authorship": "(C.DC.) Yunck." } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 205, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 195228161, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Cajá-manga", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/caja-manga", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ef10d137-2ca5-454c-8cc5-798b25c6e518", "observed_on": "2022-05-01", "lat": -24.188, "lon": -47.4, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195228161/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195228161/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195228161/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/195228161/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Cajá-manga, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 179235362, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "謝麗霦", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ssnp019", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f5090319-d615-47ca-ae3b-f14edaa4daa1", "observed_on": "2022-02-12", "lat": 23.183, "lon": 120.568, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/179235362/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/179235362/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/179235362/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/179235362/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "謝麗霦, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 178285281, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "T R Shankar Raman", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/trsraman", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/03f4f5fb-1257-4063-9486-e49f3c7af4b3", "observed_on": "2021-07-30", "lat": 10.346, "lon": 76.902, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 469 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178285281/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178285281/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178285281/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178285281/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "T R Shankar Raman, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 144767804, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Andrés Ramírez-Barrera", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nicolasr", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/dc74b12d-aa91-4886-ba52-066680bc93da", "observed_on": "2021-07-11", 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"https://img.botanai.app/p/105928583/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Jake Rehage, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 105608377, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Arthur de Jesús Chavarría Pérez", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/arthurchp", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f05d4fb5-25a3-41a4-ac87-4d313a383f4e", "observed_on": "2020-11-25", "lat": 10.015, "lon": -84.469, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105608377/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105608377/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105608377/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105608377/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Arthur de Jesús Chavarría Pérez, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 104611686, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Jacy Chen", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/chenjacy", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cba51e13-0759-4fe0-a6b9-6845c37636ff", "observed_on": "2020-11-08", "lat": 23.054, "lon": 120.619, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 769 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/104611686/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/104611686/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/104611686/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/104611686/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "MXC", "MXG", "MXE", "MXT", "MXS", "BLZ", "BOL", "BZN", "BZE", "BZS", "BZL", "BZC", "CLM", "COS", "CUB", "DOM", "ECU", "ELS", "GUA", "HAI", "HON", "JAM", "LEE", "NIC", "PAN", "PER", "PUE", "TRT", "VEN", "WIN" ], "regions": [ { "code": "MXC", "name": "Mexico Central", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXG", "name": "Mexico Gulf", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXE", "name": "Mexico Northeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXT", "name": "Mexico Southeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXS", "name": "Mexico Southwest", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "BLZ", "name": "Belize", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "BOL", "name": "Bolivia", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "BZN", "name": "Brazil North", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" }, { "code": "BZE", "name": "Brazil Northeast", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" }, { "code": "BZS", "name": "Brazil South", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" }, { "code": "BZL", "name": "Brazil Southeast", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" }, { "code": "BZC", "name": "Brazil West-Central", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Brazil" }, { "code": "CLM", "name": "Colombia", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "COS", "name": "Costa Rica", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "CUB", "name": "Cuba", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "DOM", "name": "Dominican Republic", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "ECU", "name": "Ecuador", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "ELS", "name": "El Salvador", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "GUA", "name": "Guatemala", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "HAI", "name": "Haiti", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "HON", "name": "Honduras", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "JAM", "name": "Jamaica", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "LEE", "name": "Leeward Is.", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "NIC", "name": "Nicaragua", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "PAN", "name": "Panamá", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "PER", "name": "Peru", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "PUE", "name": "Puerto Rico", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "TRT", "name": "Trinidad-Tobago", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" }, { "code": "VEN", "name": "Venezuela", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northern South America" }, { "code": "WIN", "name": "Windward Is.", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Caribbean" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 41, "n_annotated": 68, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 3, 0, 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 0, 4, 3, 4, 1 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 7, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 6, 0, 5, 5, 6, 4 ], "share": [ 0.4286, null, 0.6, 0.75, 0.6667, 0.6, 0.8333, null, 0.8, 0.6, 0.6667, null ], "ci": [ [ 0.1582, 0.7495 ], null, [ 0.2307, 0.8824 ], [ 0.4093, 0.9285 ], [ 0.3542, 0.8794 ], [ 0.3127, 0.8318 ], [ 0.4365, 0.9699 ], null, [ 0.3755, 0.9638 ], [ 0.2307, 0.8824 ], [ 0.3, 0.9032 ], null ], "peak_month": 7, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "subshrub or shrub", "climate": "seasonally dry tropical" }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/piper-umbellatum/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }