{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/piper-lanatum/",
  "last_modified": "2024-08-21",
  "id": {
    "slug": "piper-lanatum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000485935",
    "inat_taxon_id": 556963
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Piper lanatum",
    "authorship": "Roxb.",
    "genus": "Piper",
    "epithet": "lanatum",
    "family": "Piperaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Ind. 1: 161 (1820)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:681890-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Chavica haenkeana",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chavica viminalis",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cubeba canina",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cubeba lanata",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cubeba lowong",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Peperomia lanata",
        "authorship": "A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper acutibaccum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper apoanum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper arborescens",
        "authorship": "Thwaites"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper arborisedens",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper banksii",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper basilanum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper boerlagei",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper bombycatum",
        "authorship": "Noronha"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper bonthainense",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper cabadbaranum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper caninum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper caninum var. latibracteum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper caninum var. thwaitesii",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper dagatpanum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper densibaccum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper gelalae",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper haenkeanum",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper hallieri",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper hirsutissimum",
        "authorship": "D.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper javanicum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper kietanum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper lowong",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper malalaganum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper marivelesanum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper merrittii",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper merrittii var. parvifolium",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper negrosense",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper obovatibracteum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper parcipilum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper pedunculatum",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper perpunctatum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper pilobracteatum",
        "authorship": "Chaveer. & Sudmoon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper sablanum",
        "authorship": "Quisumb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper tenuipedunculum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper tenuirameum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper thwaitesii",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper villilimbum",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Piper viminale",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 26,
    "licences": [
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    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
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  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ASS",
      "BAN",
      "IND",
      "JAW",
      "LSI",
      "MLY",
      "MOL",
      "MYA",
      "NWG",
      "PHI",
      "SOL",
      "SUL",
      "THA",
      "QLD",
      "WAL"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 2,
    "n_annotated": 20,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "liana",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/piper-lanatum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}