{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/pinus-montezumae/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "pinus-montezumae", "wfo": "wfo-0000481750", "inat_taxon_id": 135766 }, "name": { "scientific": "Pinus montezumae", "authorship": "Lamb.", "genus": "Pinus", "epithet": "montezumae", "family": "Pinaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 3: 149., t. 64 (1832)", "protologue_url": "https://padme.rbge.org.uk/wfo/wfo-0000481750", "common": { "preferred": "Montezuma Pine", "english": [ "Montezuma Pine", "Rough-branched Mexican Pine" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Pinus antoineana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus aztecaensis", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus backhousiana", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus boothiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus boucheiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus bullata", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus carrierei", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus chalmaensis", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus coarctata", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus cornea", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus decaisneana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus depauperata", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus doelleriana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus elegans", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus endlicheriana var. richardiana", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus exserta", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus gordoniana", "authorship": "Hartw. ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis var. carrierei", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis var. doelleriana", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis var. haageana", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis var. planchonii", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus grandis var. thelemannii", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus haageana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus hendersonii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus horizontalis", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus inflexa", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus jostii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus keteleeri", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus leroyi", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus monstrosa", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus monstrosa var. hendersonii", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus monstrosa var. nesselrodiana", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae f. macrocarpa", "authorship": "Martínez" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae subsp. gordoniana", "authorship": "(Hartw. ex Gordon) Silba" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae subsp. lindleyi", "authorship": "(Loudon) Silba" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae subsp. macrocarpa", "authorship": "(Martínez) Silba" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae subsp. mezambrana", "authorship": "(Silba) Silba" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae var. lindleyi", "authorship": "Loudon" }, { "name": "Pinus montezumae var. mezambrana", "authorship": "Silba" }, { "name": "Pinus ne-plus-ultra", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus nesselrodiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus nitida", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus occidentalis", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Pinus ocote", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus ortgiesiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus paxtonii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus pescatarei", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus pescatorei", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus planchonii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus protuberans var. exserta", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus pseudostrobus", "authorship": "Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus retracta", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus richardiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus rinzii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus robusta var. inflexa", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus rohanii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus rubescens", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus rumeliana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus russelliana", "authorship": "Lindl." }, { "name": "Pinus san-rafaeliana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus soulangeana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus spinosa", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus tenangaensis", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus tenangaensis var. longifolia", "authorship": "Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus tenangaensis var. ortgiesiana", "authorship": "(Roezl) Carrière" }, { "name": "Pinus thelemannii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus thibaudiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus tomacocaensis", "authorship": "Roezl ex Gordon" }, { "name": "Pinus troubezkoiana", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus valida", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus van-geertii", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus van-houttei", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus zacatlanae", "authorship": "Roezl" }, { "name": "Pinus zitacuarii", "authorship": "Roezl" } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_montezumae" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 50, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 45794964, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Dante S. Figueroa", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pinidae", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4c649f36-cd78-48bc-9a68-85feaba4ad43", "observed_on": "2017-03-17", "lat": 20.617, "lon": -104.7, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45794964/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45794964/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45794964/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45794964/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Dante S. 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"https://www.inaturalist.org/people/huracan", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47b04d47-3622-4f14-80c7-7eae7913846f", "observed_on": "2021-06-13", "lat": 16.716, "lon": -92.659, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/136145515/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/136145515/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/136145515/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/136145515/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 68928369, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Neptalí Ramírez Marcial", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/huracan", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b36d5eb1-fd1d-4475-821d-f3485d385935", "observed_on": "2020-04-24", "lat": 16.721, "lon": -92.659, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68928369/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68928369/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68928369/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68928369/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 58031460, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Martín Sánchez Vilchis", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/martinsv", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d496a08a-c7cf-4674-9fe3-4ed551567dc9", "observed_on": "2019-12-15", "lat": 19.089, "lon": -99.216, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": 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"768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/53201789/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Bernabe Colohua, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 22718923, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Alan Rockefeller", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/alan_rockefeller", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/29c3d46f-5b2e-4e9e-a9e9-462f37cc0f17", "observed_on": "2018-08-06", "lat": 19.004, "lon": -99.068, "original": { "width": 765, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 765 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/22718923/r1/400.avif", "765": "https://img.botanai.app/p/22718923/r1/765.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/22718923/r1/400.jpg", "765": "https://img.botanai.app/p/22718923/r1/765.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Alan Rockefeller, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "MXC", "MXG", "MXE", "MXT", "MXS", "GUA" ], "regions": [ { "code": "MXC", "name": "Mexico Central", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXG", "name": "Mexico Gulf", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXE", "name": "Mexico Northeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXT", "name": "Mexico Southeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXS", "name": "Mexico Southwest", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "GUA", "name": "Guatemala", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" } ] }, "phenology": null, "traits": { "lifeform": "tree", "climate": "subtropical" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 9.6, "median": 14.2, "p95": 17.9 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 115.8, "median": 180.6, "p95": 237.6 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 18, "median": 22.8, "p95": 27 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -0.5, "median": 5.4, "p95": 9.1 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 660.6, "median": 1245.1, "p95": 1829.4 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 67.7, "median": 88.8, "p95": 102.4 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 24.8, "median": 41.5, "p95": 110 }, "n": 163, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": null, "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 163 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/pinus-montezumae/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }