Picea marianaBritton, Sterns & Poggenb.

black spruce

WFO wfo-0000482467 Accepted WFO 2026-06 7 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–g

Picea mariana, photographed by Pierre Cartier
fig. a Pierre Cartier, CC0 1.0 / 2022-05-14 / obs. 197549783
Picea mariana, photographed by Quinten Wiegersma
fig. b Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 183831611
Picea mariana, photographed by Ian Manning
fig. c Ian Manning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191664326
Picea mariana, photographed by Mary E. Macaulay, P.Eng.
fig. d Mary E. Macaulay, P.Eng., CC BY 4.0 / obs. 182251728
Picea mariana, photographed by Quinten Wiegersma
fig. e Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181123645
Picea mariana, photographed by Quinten Wiegersma
fig. f Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181123713
Picea mariana, photographed by Quinten Wiegersma
fig. g Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181123797

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Also published as 39 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Abies denticulata Michx.
  • Abies mariana Mill.
  • Abies nigra (Castigl.) Du Roi
  • Abies nigra var. pumila Knight ex Gordon
  • Peuce rubra Rich.
  • Picea brevifolia Peck
  • Picea brevifolia var. semiprostrata Peck
  • Picea ericoides Bean
  • Picea mariana f. beissneri (Rehder) Rehder
  • Picea mariana f. doumetii (Carrière) O.L.Lipa
  • Picea mariana f. empetroides Vict. & J.Rousseau
  • Picea mariana f. ericoides (Bean) Rehder
  • Picea mariana f. fastigiata Rehder
  • Picea mariana f. grisea Vict.
  • Picea mariana f. mariana Vict.
  • Picea mariana f. nana (Beissn.) Rehder
  • Picea mariana f. semiprostrata (Peck) S.F.Blake
  • Picea mariana f. squamea Vict.
  • Picea mariana var. beissneri Rehder
  • Picea mariana var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehder
  • Picea mariana var. fastigiata (Rehder) Rehder
  • Picea mariana var. pendula Fitschen
  • Picea mariana var. pendula-variegata (Hornibr.) Fitschen
  • Picea mariana var. semiprostrata (Peck) Teeri

and 15 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.