Pergularia daemia(Forssk.) Chiov.

pergularia

WFO wfo-0000392217 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Pergularia daemia, photographed by Shaun Swanepoel
fig. a Shaun Swanepoel, CC BY 4.0 / 2020-11-27 / obs. 105909496
Pergularia daemia, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. b Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 137600872
Pergularia daemia, photographed by P Jeganathan
fig. c P Jeganathan, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 51804434
Pergularia daemia, photographed by Rohit Naniwadekar
fig. d Rohit Naniwadekar, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 45289207
Pergularia daemia, photographed by Aravinth
fig. e Aravinth, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 58963299
Pergularia daemia, photographed by Shaun Swanepoel
fig. f Shaun Swanepoel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 22222269
Pergularia daemia, photographed by Ajit Ampalakkad
fig. g Ajit Ampalakkad, CC0 1.0 / obs. 48257355
Pergularia daemia, photographed by S.MORE
fig. h S.MORE, CC0 1.0 / obs. 60659880

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 53 botanical countries

Regions where Pergularia daemia is native: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Yemen, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkinaBurundiCameroonCape ProvincesCaprivi StripCentral African RepublicChadDjiboutiDR CongoEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauGulf of Guinea Is.Ivory CoastKenyaLiberiaMalawiMaliMauritaniaMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSenegalSomaliaSudan-South SudanTanzaniaUgandaZambiaZimbabweAfghanistanIranOmanSaudi ArabiaSinaiYemenAssamBangladeshIndiaMyanmarNepalPakistanSri LankaWest Himalaya Andaman Is.
Native distribution of Pergularia daemia, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Angola ANG AFRICA
Benin BEN
Botswana BOT
Burkina BKN
Burundi BUR
Cameroon CMN
Cape Provinces CPP
Caprivi Strip CPV
Central African Republic CAF
Chad CHA
Djibouti DJI
DR Congo ZAI
Equatorial Guinea EQG
Eritrea ERI
Ethiopia ETH
Gambia GAM
Ghana GHA
Guinea GUI
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Gulf of Guinea Is. GGI
Ivory Coast IVO
Kenya KEN
Liberia LBR
Malawi MLW
Mali MLI
Mauritania MTN
Mozambique MOZ
Namibia NAM
Niger NGR
Nigeria NGA
Rwanda RWA
Senegal SEN
Somalia SOM
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Uganda UGA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
India IND
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Pakistan PAK
Sri Lanka SRL
West Himalaya WHM
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
Iran IRN
Oman OMA
Saudi Arabia SAU
Sinai SIN
Yemen YEM

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 230 in flower of 375 examined

Peak flowering in Nov. Each bar is the share of Pergularia daemia observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 230 of 375 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 666 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 5.4 °C 12.9 °C 21.5 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 29.4 °C 33.5 °C 40.6 °C
Annual rainfall 87 mm 746 mm 1,351 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 1 mm 12 mm 67 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 666 research-grade observations of Pergularia daemia that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 32 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Asclepias convolvulacea Willd.
  • Asclepias daemia Forssk.
  • Asclepias echinata Roxb.
  • Asclepias echinata Decne.
  • Asclepias glabra Forssk.
  • Asclepias muricata Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Asclepias scandens P.Beauv.
  • Cynanchum bicolor Andrews
  • Cynanchum cordifolium Retz.
  • Cynanchum echinatum Thunb.
  • Cynanchum extensum Jacq.
  • Cynanchum pedunculatum Thunb.
  • Cynanchum pendulum Poir.
  • Daemia bicolor Sweet
  • Daemia extensa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Schult.
  • Doemia aethiopica Decne.
  • Doemia angolensis Decne.
  • Doemia barbata Klotzsch
  • Doemia barbata Schltr.
  • Doemia bicolor (Andrews) Sweet
  • Doemia cordifolia K.Schum. ex Engl.
  • Doemia extensa R.Br.
  • Doemia forskaolii Schult.
  • Doemia garipensis E.Mey.

and 8 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.