{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/orobanche-mutelii/", "last_modified": "2024-06-04", "id": { "slug": "orobanche-mutelii", "wfo": "wfo-0000390880", "inat_taxon_id": 804760 }, "name": { "scientific": "Orobanche mutelii", "authorship": "F.W.Schultz", "genus": "Orobanche", "epithet": "mutelii", "family": "Orobanchaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Fl. Franç. Herbor. 2: 353 (1835)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:662546-1", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Kopsia aegyptiaca var. trinacria", "authorship": "Bég." }, { "name": "Kopsia interrupta", "authorship": "Dumort." }, { "name": "Kopsia mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Bég." }, { "name": "Kopsia mutelii var. angustifolia", "authorship": "(Beck) Bég." }, { "name": "Kopsia mutelii var. panormitana", "authorship": "(Lojac.) Bég." }, { "name": "Kopsia panormitana", "authorship": "(Lojac.) Lojac." }, { "name": "Kopsia ramosa subsp. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Arcang." }, { "name": "Kopsia ramosa var. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Caruel" }, { "name": "Orobanche aegyptiaca var. trinacria", "authorship": "(Bég.) Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche angustiflora", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche interrupta", "authorship": "Pers." }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii f. emarginata", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii f. panormitana", "authorship": "(Lojac.) Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii f. spissa", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii var. angustiflora", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii var. angustifolia", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii var. floribunda", "authorship": "(Pomel) Batt." }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii var. interjecta", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche mutelii var. ramosissima", "authorship": "Lojac." }, { "name": "Orobanche panormitana", "authorship": "(Lojac.) Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa", "authorship": "Thunb." }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa subsp. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Cout." }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa var. brevispicata", "authorship": "(Ledeb.) R.A.Graham" }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa var. interrupta", "authorship": "(Pers.) Beck" }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa var. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Bég." }, { "name": "Orobanche ramosa var. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Boiss." }, { "name": "Orobanche rufescens", "authorship": "Nyman" }, { "name": "Orobanche spiss", "authorship": "Beck" }, { "name": "Phelipanche cernua subsp. sinaica", "authorship": "(Beck) Piwow., Ó.Sánchez & Moreno Mor." }, { "name": "Phelipanche floribunda", "authorship": "Pomel" }, { "name": "Phelipanche mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Pomel" }, { "name": "Phelipanche sinaica", "authorship": "(Beck) Rätzel & Uhlich" }, { "name": "Phelipanche tenuiflora", "authorship": "Pomel" }, { "name": "Phelypaea caesia", "authorship": "(Rchb.) Guss." }, { "name": "Phelypaea concolor", "authorship": "Moris" }, { "name": "Phelypaea elongata", "authorship": "Lojac." }, { "name": "Phelypaea floribunda", "authorship": "Pomel" }, { "name": "Phelypaea fulgida", "authorship": "Pomel ex Batt." }, { "name": "Phelypaea macrantha", "authorship": "K.Koch" }, { "name": "Phelypaea mauritii", "authorship": "Sennen" }, { "name": "Phelypaea mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Reut." }, { "name": "Phelypaea mutelii var. floribunda", "authorship": "(Pomel) Batt." }, { "name": "Phelypaea mutelii var. tenuiflora", "authorship": "(Pomel) Batt." }, { "name": "Phelypaea panormitana", "authorship": "Lojac." }, { "name": "Phelypaea ramosa subsp. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Rouy" }, { "name": "Phelypaea ramosa var. brevispicata", "authorship": "Ledeb." }, { "name": "Phelypaea ramosa var. mutelii", "authorship": "(F.W.Schultz) Boiss." }, { "name": "Phelypaea rufescens", "authorship": "Griseb." }, { "name": "Phelypaea tenuiflora", "authorship": "Pomel" } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 13, "licences": [ "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 119804784, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Paulo Martins", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/paulomartins", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b7992a21-3e09-4320-966f-2c1eac802c28", "observed_on": "2021-04-09", "lat": 39.461, "lon": -8.481, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 771 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119804784/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119804784/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119804784/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119804784/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Paulo Martins, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 119805188, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Paulo Martins", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/paulomartins", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b7992a21-3e09-4320-966f-2c1eac802c28", "observed_on": "2021-04-09", "lat": 39.461, "lon": -8.481, "original": { "width": 986, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119805188/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119805188/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119805188/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119805188/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Paulo Martins, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 190456674, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Mehdi Chetibi", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mehdichetibi", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d02c3220-8120-47bc-b337-719a73d112d1", "observed_on": "2022-04-24", "lat": 36.36, "lon": 6.684, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456674/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456674/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456674/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456674/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Mehdi Chetibi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 68513088, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Karim Haddad", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/karimhaddad", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/00d769a9-81ba-40ce-a268-097db862451f", "observed_on": "2020-04-24", "lat": 36.373, "lon": 6.735, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68513088/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68513088/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68513088/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/68513088/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Karim Haddad, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 38942891, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Karim Haddad", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/karimhaddad", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e6008dc4-6a1f-41ef-b4b6-558f391a969b", "observed_on": "2019-04-28", "lat": 35.893, "lon": 6.458, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38942891/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38942891/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38942891/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38942891/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Karim Haddad, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 63047795, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Yves Bas", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yvesbas", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cc805730-eaf0-474d-a878-99447c4ddbf5", "observed_on": "2016-04-08", "lat": 36.915, "lon": -4.799, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/63047795/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/63047795/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/63047795/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/63047795/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Yves Bas, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 91840470, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Yves Bas", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yvesbas", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120e76ba-7438-414a-a6ae-62dc05ce7c0e", "observed_on": "2013-05-04", "lat": 37.013, "lon": -3.012, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/91840470/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/91840470/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/91840470/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/91840470/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Yves Bas, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 190456775, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Mehdi Chetibi", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mehdichetibi", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d02c3220-8120-47bc-b337-719a73d112d1", "observed_on": "2022-04-24", "lat": 36.36, "lon": 6.684, "original": { "width": 768, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400, 768 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456775/r1/400.avif", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456775/r1/768.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456775/r1/400.jpg", "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/190456775/r1/768.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Mehdi Chetibi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "ALG", "CNY", "EGY", "LBY", "MTN", "MOR", "SOM", "TUN", "WSA", "AFG", "CYP", "EAI", "IRN", "IRQ", "LBS", "NCS", "PAL", "SIN", "TCS", "TUR", "YEM", "BAL", "BUL", "FRA", "GRC", "ITA", "KRI", "KRY", "YUG", "POR", "SAR", "SIC", "SPA", "TUE" ], "regions": [ { "code": "ALG", "name": "Algeria", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "CNY", "name": "Canary Is.", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Macaronesia" }, { "code": "EGY", "name": "Egypt", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "LBY", "name": "Libya", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "MTN", "name": "Mauritania", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "West Tropical Africa" }, { "code": "MOR", "name": "Morocco", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "SOM", "name": "Somalia", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa" }, { "code": "TUN", "name": "Tunisia", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "WSA", "name": "Western Sahara", "continent": "AFRICA", "region": "Northern Africa" }, { "code": "AFG", "name": "Afghanistan", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "CYP", "name": "Cyprus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "EAI", "name": "East Aegean Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "IRN", "name": "Iran", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "IRQ", "name": "Iraq", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "LBS", "name": "Lebanon-Syria", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "NCS", "name": "North Caucasus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "PAL", "name": "Palestine", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "SIN", "name": "Sinai", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "TCS", "name": "Transcaucasus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "TUR", "name": "Türkiye", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Western Asia" }, { "code": "YEM", "name": "Yemen", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Arabian Peninsula" }, { "code": "BAL", "name": "Baleares", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "BUL", "name": "Bulgaria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRI", "name": "Kriti", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRY", "name": "Krym", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "YUG", "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "POR", "name": "Portugal", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SAR", "name": "Sardegna", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SIC", "name": "Sicilia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "SPA", "name": "Spain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "TUE", "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 327, "n_annotated": 328, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 1, 16, 124, 127, 44, 2, 1, 1, 8, 3, 0, 0 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 1, 16, 125, 127, 44, 2, 1, 1, 8, 3, 0, 0 ], "share": [ null, 1, 0.992, 1, 1, null, null, null, 1, null, null, null ], "ci": [ null, [ 0.8064, 1 ], [ 0.9561, 0.9986 ], [ 0.9706, 1 ], [ 0.9197, 1 ], null, null, null, [ 0.6756, 1 ], null, null, null ], "peak_month": 2, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "holoparasitic annual or perennial", "climate": "subtropical" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 11.4, "median": 17.1, "p95": 20.2 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 329.2, "median": 521.5, "p95": 760.5 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 24.5, "median": 27.9, "p95": 33 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -1.3, "median": 7.8, "p95": 11.8 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 264.4, "median": 613.5, "p95": 948.4 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 25.5, "median": 65.8, "p95": 111.6 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 2.6, "median": 14.9, "p95": 143.7 }, "n": 112, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 112 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/orobanche-mutelii/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }