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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/oplismenus-hirtellus/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "oplismenus-hirtellus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000882092",
    "inat_taxon_id": 165865
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Oplismenus hirtellus",
    "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv.",
    "genus": "Oplismenus",
    "epithet": "hirtellus",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Ess. Agrostogr. : 54, 170 (1812)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1004002-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "basketgrass",
      "english": [
        "basketgrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Echinochloa cubensis",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hekaterosachne elatior",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hippagrostis hirtella",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hippagrostis loliacea",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Milium undulatifolium",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus acuminatus",
        "authorship": "Nees ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus aemulus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus aemulus var. densiflorus",
        "authorship": "U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus aemulus var. flaccidus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus aemulus var. lasiorhachis",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus africanus",
        "authorship": "P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus aristulatus",
        "authorship": "Burcham"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus barbifultus",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus barbifultus",
        "authorship": "Hochst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus borhidii",
        "authorship": "Catasús"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "Raddi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus brevisetus",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Nees ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus chondrosioides",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. imbecilis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) F.M.Bailey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. loliaceus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus cubensis",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus depauperatus",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus flaccidus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus foliaceus",
        "authorship": "P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus f. hirtellus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus f. imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus f. lanceolatus",
        "authorship": "U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. acuminatus",
        "authorship": "U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. capensis",
        "authorship": "Mez ex U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus",
        "authorship": "U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. hirtellus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. loliaceus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Mez ex Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. microphyllus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. psilostachys",
        "authorship": "(Honda) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. tsushimensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus var. hirtellus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus var. imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Fosberg & Sachet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus var. microphyllus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Fosberg & Sachet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus imbecillis var. morrisonensis",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus latifolius",
        "authorship": "Haenke ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus loliaceus",
        "authorship": "P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus microphyllus",
        "authorship": "Honda ex Ui"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus minor",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus oahuaensis",
        "authorship": "Nees & Meyen ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus parvifolius",
        "authorship": "(Nutt.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus psilostachys",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus setarius var. imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus tsushimensis",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus undulatifolius var. imbecillis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus undulatifolius var. lanceolatus",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus undulatifolius var. microphyllus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus velutinus",
        "authorship": "(G.Mey.) Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon aemulus",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon africanus",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon cubensis",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon flaccidus",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon hirtellus",
        "authorship": "Nutt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon hirtellus",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon imbecillis",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon loliaceus",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon parvifolius",
        "authorship": "Nutt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon velutinus",
        "authorship": "(G.Mey.) Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum acuminatissimum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum aemulum",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum africanum",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum balfourii",
        "authorship": "Baker"
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      {
        "name": "Panicum barbifultum",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex Schltdl."
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      {
        "name": "Panicum brevisetum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum cubense",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum flaccidum",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum foliaceum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
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      {
        "name": "Panicum hirtellum",
        "authorship": "L."
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      {
        "name": "Panicum imbecille",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Trin."
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        "name": "Panicum incanum",
        "authorship": "Schumach."
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        "name": "Panicum loliaceum",
        "authorship": "Lam."
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        "name": "Panicum nuttallianum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum oahuaense",
        "authorship": "Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum raddianum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
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        "name": "Panicum undulatifolium var. imbecille",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Kneuck."
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        "name": "Panicum velutinum",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
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      {
        "name": "Setaria hirtella",
        "authorship": "(L.) Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Setaria ocreata",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
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      "BZN",
      "BZS",
      "BZL",
      "BZC",
      "CAY",
      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "CUB",
      "DOM",
      "ECU",
      "ELS",
      "FRG",
      "GAL",
      "GUA",
      "GUY",
      "HAI",
      "HON",
      "JAM",
      "LEE",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PAR",
      "PER",
      "PUE",
      "SUR",
      "TRT",
      "URU",
      "VEN",
      "VNA",
      "WIN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BEN",
        "name": "Benin",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BKN",
        "name": "Burkina",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CNY",
        "name": "Canary Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CVI",
        "name": "Cape Verde",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CON",
        "name": "Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EQG",
        "name": "Equatorial Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ERI",
        "name": "Eritrea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAM",
        "name": "Gambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GHA",
        "name": "Ghana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GNB",
        "name": "Guinea-Bissau",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GGI",
        "name": "Gulf of Guinea Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBR",
        "name": "Liberia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDR",
        "name": "Madeira",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROD",
        "name": "Rodrigues",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIE",
        "name": "Sierra Leone",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOG",
        "name": "Togo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "KER",
        "name": "Kermadec Is.",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZN",
        "name": "New Zealand North",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZS",
        "name": "New Zealand South",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NFK",
        "name": "Norfolk Is.",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXI",
        "name": "Mexican Pacific Is.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "COO",
        "name": "Cook Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRQ",
        "name": "Marquesas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUE",
        "name": "Niue",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "PIT",
        "name": "Pitcairn Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUA",
        "name": "Tuamotu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAH",
        "name": "Bahamas",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BER",
        "name": "Bermuda",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAL",
        "name": "Galápagos",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VNA",
        "name": "Venezuelan Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 163,
    "n_annotated": 289,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      12,
      18,
      24,
      33,
      7,
      9,
      2,
      4,
      17,
      21,
      9,
      7
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      16,
      35,
      31,
      55,
      21,
      19,
      11,
      15,
      23,
      32,
      19,
      12
    ],
    "share": [
      0.75,
      0.5143,
      0.7742,
      0.6,
      0.3333,
      0.4737,
      0.1818,
      0.2667,
      0.7391,
      0.6562,
      0.4737,
      0.5833
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.505,
        0.8982
      ],
      [
        0.3557,
        0.6701
      ],
      [
        0.6019,
        0.8861
      ],
      [
        0.4681,
        0.7188
      ],
      [
        0.1719,
        0.5463
      ],
      [
        0.2733,
        0.6829
      ],
      [
        0.0514,
        0.477
      ],
      [
        0.109,
        0.5195
      ],
      [
        0.5353,
        0.8745
      ],
      [
        0.4831,
        0.7959
      ],
      [
        0.2733,
        0.6829
      ],
      [
        0.3195,
        0.8067
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 3,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 39,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        4,
        2,
        12,
        3,
        5,
        2,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "share": [
        0.0625,
        0.1143,
        0.0645,
        0.2182,
        0.1429,
        0.2632,
        0.1818,
        0.0667,
        0.087,
        0.0938,
        0.0526,
        0.25
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.0111,
          0.2833
        ],
        [
          0.0454,
          0.2595
        ],
        [
          0.0179,
          0.2072
        ],
        [
          0.1295,
          0.3437
        ],
        [
          0.0498,
          0.3464
        ],
        [
          0.1181,
          0.4879
        ],
        [
          0.0514,
          0.477
        ],
        [
          0.0119,
          0.2982
        ],
        [
          0.0242,
          0.268
        ],
        [
          0.0324,
          0.2422
        ],
        [
          0.0094,
          0.2464
        ],
        [
          0.0889,
          0.5323
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 6
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or perennial",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 14.7,
      "median": 19.1,
      "p95": 23.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 124.9,
      "median": 366.9,
      "p95": 678
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 21.6,
      "median": 27.6,
      "p95": 34.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 4.1,
      "median": 8.5,
      "p95": 19.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 836.9,
      "median": 1244.5,
      "p95": 1974.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 14.1,
      "median": 24.6,
      "p95": 74.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 78.3,
      "median": 201.7,
      "p95": 373.2
    },
    "n": 1955,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1955 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/oplismenus-hirtellus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}