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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/oplismenus-compositus/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "oplismenus-compositus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000882040",
    "inat_taxon_id": 165864
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Oplismenus compositus",
    "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv.",
    "genus": "Oplismenus",
    "epithet": "compositus",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Ess. Agrostogr. : 54 (1812)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:409823-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "running mountaingrass",
      "english": [
        "running mountaingrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Andropogon undatus",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Digitaria composita",
        "authorship": "(L.) Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Digitaria elatior",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Echinochloa lanceolata",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Echinochloa lanceolata",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hippagrostis composita",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hippagrostis setaria",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus burmanni var. intermedius",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus f. glabratus",
        "authorship": "F.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus f. pubescens",
        "authorship": "F.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus f. vittatus",
        "authorship": "(Bailey) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus subsp. patens",
        "authorship": "(Honda) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "L.C.Chia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. compositus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. formosanus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. intermedius",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. lasiorhachis",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. owatarii",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. patens",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. rariflorus",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) F.M.Bailey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. submuticus",
        "authorship": "S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. sylvaticus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) U.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus compositus var. vittatus",
        "authorship": "L.H.Bailey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus coreanus",
        "authorship": "Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus decompositus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus elatior",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus elatius",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus formosanus",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Mez"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Mez ex Ekman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus hirtellus var. setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Mez ex Ekman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus indicus",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus jacquinii",
        "authorship": "Sieber ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus junghuhnii",
        "authorship": "Boerl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus lanceolatus",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus liebmannii",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus owatarii",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus patens",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus patens var. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "(L.C.Chia) S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus patens var. yunnanensis",
        "authorship": "S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus polliniaefolius",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus pratensis",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus rariflorus",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus setarius f. sterilis",
        "authorship": "F.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus sylvaticus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oplismenus thiebautii",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon compositus",
        "authorship": "(L.) R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon compositus var. glabrescens",
        "authorship": "Büse"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon gonyrrhizus",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon hirtellus",
        "authorship": "Llanos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon junghuhnii",
        "authorship": "Nees ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon junghuhnii",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon longiracemosus",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon pratensis",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon remotus",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon setarius",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orthopogon sylvaticus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum aristatum",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum bidentatum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum bidentulum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum certificandum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum composito-proximum",
        "authorship": "Rottler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum compositoproximum",
        "authorship": "Rottler ex Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum compositum",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum compositum var. fimbriusculum",
        "authorship": "Döll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum elatius",
        "authorship": "L.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum gonyrrhizum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum lanceolatum",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum longeracemosum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum parciflorum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum peninsularum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum pratense",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum setarium",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum sylvaticum",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum undatum",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum unguinosum",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pollinia jacquinii",
        "authorship": "Spreng. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pollinia undata",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urochloa aristata",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) B.D.Jacks."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplismenus_compositus"
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        "name": "Equatorial Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ERI",
        "name": "Eritrea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEY",
        "name": "Seychelles",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOC",
        "name": "Socotra",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KZN",
        "name": "Kazan-retto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "OGA",
        "name": "Ogasawara-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "OMA",
        "name": "Oman",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "XMS",
        "name": "Christmas I.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LDV",
        "name": "Laccadive Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDV",
        "name": "Maldives",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCB",
        "name": "Nicobar Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BER",
        "name": "Bermuda",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 57,
    "n_annotated": 73,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      2,
      2,
      0,
      3,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      4,
      20,
      20,
      4
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      4,
      4,
      0,
      4,
      0,
      1,
      1,
      1,
      4,
      25,
      21,
      8
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.8,
      0.9524,
      0.5
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.6087,
        0.9114
      ],
      [
        0.7733,
        0.9915
      ],
      [
        0.2152,
        0.7848
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 11,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 18.3,
      "median": 22.5,
      "p95": 24.5
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 135,
      "median": 399.5,
      "p95": 482.6
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 24.8,
      "median": 29.5,
      "p95": 31.2
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 7.7,
      "median": 12.3,
      "p95": 19.5
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 1673.3,
      "median": 3039.1,
      "p95": 4601.2
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 29,
      "median": 61.8,
      "p95": 99.6
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 59.7,
      "median": 180.1,
      "p95": 785.5
    },
    "n": 990,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 990 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/oplismenus-compositus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}