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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/onobrychis-arenaria/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-10",
  "id": {
    "slug": "onobrychis-arenaria",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000213870",
    "inat_taxon_id": 487708
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Onobrychis arenaria",
    "authorship": "(Kit.) DC.",
    "genus": "Onobrychis",
    "epithet": "arenaria",
    "family": "Fabaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Prodr. 2: 345 (1825)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.legumedata.org/taxonomy/taxon/2389232",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum angustifolium",
        "authorship": "E.Thomas ex Gaud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum arenarium",
        "authorship": "Kit. ex Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum carneum",
        "authorship": "G.Lodd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum erectum",
        "authorship": "Patrin ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum pallidum",
        "authorship": "Schleich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. austriaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. borysthenica",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. grandifolia",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. mareotica",
        "authorship": "(Steven ex DC.) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. reticulosa",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria f. villosa",
        "authorship": "(Gruner) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria var. austriaca",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria var. ferganica",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria var. reticulosa",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria var. sibirica",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis arenaria var. tommasinii",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Posp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis armena",
        "authorship": "Boiss. & A.Huet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis armena f. longespicata",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis balansae var. multiflora",
        "authorship": "Freyn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis borysthenica",
        "authorship": "(Širj.) Klokov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis brachypus",
        "authorship": "Vassilcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis cadmea var. microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis cana",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis cana f. villosa",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis cana f. zederbaueri",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis carnea",
        "authorship": "Schleich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis collina f. gracillima",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis collina f. leptophylla",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis conferta f. glabriuscula",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis conferta f. subsericea",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis conferta var. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis conferta var. strigosa",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis declivium",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis declivium var. villosa",
        "authorship": "Gruner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis ferganica",
        "authorship": "(Širj.) Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis graeca",
        "authorship": "Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis graeca var. thessala",
        "authorship": "Hausskn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis lasiostachya",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis lasiostachya f. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis lasiostachya var. cana",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis mareotica",
        "authorship": "Steven ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis miniata",
        "authorship": "Steven ex Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis miniata",
        "authorship": "Steven"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis miniata f. dielsii",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis miniata f. karassubazarica",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis miniata f. villosa",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis ocellata",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis oxyodonta subsp. armena",
        "authorship": "(Boiss. & A.Huet) Ponert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis oxyodonta var. armena",
        "authorship": "(Boiss. & A.Huet) Aktoklu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis reticulosa",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sativa f. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Schmalh.) B.Fedtsch. & Flerow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sativa var. arenaria",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sativa var. collina",
        "authorship": "St.-Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sativa var. tatarica",
        "authorship": "Fisch. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sibirica",
        "authorship": "Turcz. ex Besser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis sibirica",
        "authorship": "(Širj.) Turcz. ex Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis supina",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tanaitica",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis taurerica",
        "authorship": "(Hand.-Mazz.) Landolt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Schmalh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii f. inermis",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii f. italica",
        "authorship": "Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii subf. fulgens",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Širj."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii var. fulgens",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii var. inermis",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis tommasinii var. ocellata",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis viciifolia subsp. arenaria",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis viciifolia var. gaudiniana",
        "authorship": "Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Onobrychis viciifolia var. tommasinii",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Wohlf."
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      {
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        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 72,
    "n_annotated": 73,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      16,
      35,
      15,
      3,
      3,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      16,
      35,
      15,
      3,
      3,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      1,
      1,
      1,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.8064,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.9011,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.7961,
        1
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 5,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -0.1,
      "median": 5.7,
      "p95": 11.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 707.3,
      "median": 1025.8,
      "p95": 1423.8
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 21.4,
      "median": 24.2,
      "p95": 26.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -25.7,
      "median": -10.9,
      "p95": -1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 360.4,
      "median": 572.5,
      "p95": 976.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 16.1,
      "median": 29.4,
      "p95": 82.3
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 28.7,
      "median": 99.2,
      "p95": 176.1
    },
    "n": 1958,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1958 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/onobrychis-arenaria/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}