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  "last_modified": "2024-03-07",
  "id": {
    "slug": "nymphaea-nouchali",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000382053",
    "inat_taxon_id": 321501
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Nymphaea nouchali",
    "authorship": "Burm.f.",
    "genus": "Nymphaea",
    "epithet": "nouchali",
    "family": "Nymphaeaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Indica : 120 (1768)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:605643-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Egyptian lotus",
      "english": [
        "Egyptian lotus"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Castalia acutiloba",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Hand.-Mazz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia caerulea",
        "authorship": "(Savigny) Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia capensis",
        "authorship": "(Thunb.) J.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia scutifolia",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia stellaris",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia stellata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia versicolor",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Castalia zanzibarensis",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leuconymphaea berneriana",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leuconymphaea coerulea",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leuconymphaea emirnensis",
        "authorship": "(Planch.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leuconymphaea stellata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leuconymphaea zanzibariensis",
        "authorship": "(Casp.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea acutiloba",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea bernieriana",
        "authorship": "Planch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea caerulea",
        "authorship": "Savigny"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea caerulea subsp. zanzibarensis",
        "authorship": "(Casp.) S.W.L.Jacobs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea caerulea var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea caerulea var. eigii",
        "authorship": "Warb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea caerulea var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "T.Durand & H.Durand"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea cahlara",
        "authorship": "Donn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea calliantha",
        "authorship": "Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea calliantha f. oligandra",
        "authorship": "Hauman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea calliantha var. nelsonii",
        "authorship": "Burtt Davy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea calliantha var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea calophylla",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis",
        "authorship": "Thunb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis f. rosea",
        "authorship": "Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis var. alba",
        "authorship": "K.C.Landon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis var. capensis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis var. katangensis",
        "authorship": "Hauman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis var. madagascariensis",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea capensis var. zanzibariensis",
        "authorship": "(Casp.) Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea coerulea",
        "authorship": "Andrews"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea colorata",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea colorata var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea cyanea",
        "authorship": "Roxb. ex G.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea cyclophylla",
        "authorship": "R.E.Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea edgeworthii",
        "authorship": "Lehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea emirnensis",
        "authorship": "Planch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea engleri",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea henkeliana",
        "authorship": "Rehnelt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea hookeriana",
        "authorship": "Lehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea madagascariensis",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea magnifica",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea malabarica",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea membranacea",
        "authorship": "Wall. ex Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea mildbraedii",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea muschleriana",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea muschleriana var. megaphylla",
        "authorship": "Hauman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea nelsonii",
        "authorship": "Burtt Davy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea nouchali var. cyanea",
        "authorship": "(Hook.f. & Thomson) M.R.Almeida"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea nubica",
        "authorship": "Lehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea ovalifolia",
        "authorship": "Conard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea petersiana",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea polychroma",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea punctata",
        "authorship": "Edgew."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea radiata",
        "authorship": "Bercht. & Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea rhodantha",
        "authorship": "Lehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea scutifolia",
        "authorship": "(Salisb.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea spectabilis",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea sphaerantha",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata f. caerulea",
        "authorship": "(Savigny) Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked adscendens",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked albida",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked approximata",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked coerulea",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked distans",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked immaculata",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked immaculata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked lilacina",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked lilacina",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked maculata",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked maculata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked punctata",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked spiralis",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata unranked vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata var. cyanea",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thomson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Hook.f. & Thomson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(Sims) Hook.f. & Thomson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea stellata var. zanzibariensis",
        "authorship": "(Casp.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea sumatrana",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea vernayi",
        "authorship": "Bremek. & Oberm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea versicolor",
        "authorship": "Sims"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea voalefoka",
        "authorship": "Lat.-Marl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibarensis",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis",
        "authorship": "Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis var. azurea",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
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      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Peter"
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      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis var. rosea",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis var. rubra",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nymphaea zanzibariensis var. violacea",
        "authorship": "Lovassy"
      }
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        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHA",
        "name": "Chad",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CON",
        "name": "Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "OFS",
        "name": "Free State",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOM",
        "name": "Somalia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "OMA",
        "name": "Oman",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCB",
        "name": "Nicobar Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 789,
    "n_annotated": 816,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      65,
      75,
      119,
      135,
      64,
      37,
      22,
      20,
      35,
      70,
      91,
      56
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      65,
      76,
      122,
      139,
      65,
      41,
      30,
      21,
      38,
      71,
      92,
      56
    ],
    "share": [
      1,
      0.9868,
      0.9754,
      0.9712,
      0.9846,
      0.9024,
      0.7333,
      0.9524,
      0.9211,
      0.9859,
      0.9891,
      1
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.9442,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.9292,
        0.9977
      ],
      [
        0.9302,
        0.9916
      ],
      [
        0.9283,
        0.9888
      ],
      [
        0.9179,
        0.9973
      ],
      [
        0.7745,
        0.9614
      ],
      [
        0.5555,
        0.8582
      ],
      [
        0.7733,
        0.9915
      ],
      [
        0.792,
        0.9728
      ],
      [
        0.9244,
        0.9975
      ],
      [
        0.941,
        0.9981
      ],
      [
        0.9358,
        1
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 1,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "tuberous hydrogeophyte",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 16.1,
      "median": 21.1,
      "p95": 27
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 53.7,
      "median": 261.6,
      "p95": 408
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 22,
      "median": 27.8,
      "p95": 34.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 6.3,
      "median": 11.4,
      "p95": 21.8
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 471.8,
      "median": 1022.4,
      "p95": 2449
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 21.4,
      "median": 56.4,
      "p95": 113.2
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 1.7,
      "median": 97.3,
      "p95": 250.1
    },
    "n": 2001,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2001 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol NYCA3",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/nymphaea-nouchali/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}