Murdannia simplex(Vahl) Brenan

WFO wfo-0000473711 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 6 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 6 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Murdannia simplex, photographed by S.MORE
fig. a S.MORE, CC0 1.0 / 2021-10-27 / obs. 166385173

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 50 botanical countries

Regions where Murdannia simplex is native: Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Caprivi Strip, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Assam, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Queensland AngolaBeninBurkinaBurundiCameroonCaprivi StripCentral African RepublicChadCongoDR CongoEquatorial GuineaEswatiniEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauIvory CoastKenyaKwaZulu-NatalMadagascarMalawiMaliMozambiqueNamibiaNigeriaNorthern ProvincesRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaSudan-South SudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabweChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanAssamCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaLaosMyanmarSri LankaThailandVietnamQueensland
Native distribution of Murdannia simplex, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Angola ANG AFRICA
Benin BEN
Burkina BKN
Burundi BUR
Cameroon CMN
Caprivi Strip CPV
Central African Republic CAF
Chad CHA
Congo CON
DR Congo ZAI
Equatorial Guinea EQG
Eswatini SWZ
Ethiopia ETH
Gabon GAB
Ghana GHA
Guinea GUI
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Ivory Coast IVO
Kenya KEN
KwaZulu-Natal NAT
Madagascar MDG
Malawi MLW
Mali MLI
Mozambique MOZ
Namibia NAM
Nigeria NGA
Northern Provinces TVL
Rwanda RWA
Senegal SEN
Sierra Leone SIE
Somalia SOM
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Togo TOG
Uganda UGA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Laos LAO
Myanmar MYA
Sri Lanka SRL
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Queensland QLD AUSTRALASIA

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 38 in flower of 40 examined

Proportion of examined Murdannia simplex in flower, by month
Month In flower Examined Share 95% interval
Jan 10 12 83% 55% to 95%
Feb 4 4 too few examined
Mar 1 1 too few examined
Apr 1 1 too few examined
May 3 3 too few examined
Jun 0 0 too few examined
Jul 2 2 too few examined
Aug 0 0 too few examined
Sep 2 2 too few examined
Oct 3 3 too few examined
Nov 5 5 100% 57% to 100%
Dec 7 7 100% 65% to 100%

Peak flowering in Nov. Each bar is the share of Murdannia simplex observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 38 of 40 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 9 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 127 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 5.9 °C 11.6 °C 19.2 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 23.0 °C 28.6 °C 33.7 °C
Annual rainfall 673 mm 1,158 mm 3,333 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 4 mm 40 mm 158 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 127 research-grade observations of Murdannia simplex that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 16 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Aneilema cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot
  • Aneilema longifolium Hook.
  • Aneilema rigidum Blatt.
  • Aneilema secundum Wight
  • Aneilema simplex (Vahl) C.B.Clarke
  • Aneilema simplex (Vahl) Kunth
  • Aneilema sinicum Herb.Berol. ex C.B.Clarke
  • Aneilema sinicum var. simplex (Vahl) C.B.Clarke
  • Commelina hookeri A.Dietr.
  • Commelina longifolia (Hook.) Spreng.
  • Commelina simplex Vahl
  • Commelina sinica Roem. & Schult.
  • Murdannia sinica (Ker Gawl.) G.Brückn.
  • Murdannia stictosperma Brenan
  • Phaeneilema rigidum (Blatt.) Raizada
  • Phaeneilema sinicum (Ker Gawl.) G.Brückn.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.