Mitreola petiolata(J.F.Gmel.) Torr. & A.Gray

lax hornpod

WFO wfo-0000374000 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）
fig. a Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-25 / obs. 200664673
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. b Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195915508
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. c Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 187361332
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Jay Pruett
fig. d Jay Pruett, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186939052
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. e Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 177544588
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Blake Bringhurst
fig. f Blake Bringhurst, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 150794204
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Lauren McLaurin
fig. g Lauren McLaurin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 93398825
Mitreola petiolata, photographed by Jason K.
fig. h Jason K., CC BY 4.0 / obs. 113777484

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
The New York Botanical Garden
Accession
01071601
Filed as
Mitreola petiolata (J.F.Gmel.) Torr. & A.Gray
Det. by
A. J. M. Leeuwenberg 1974-01-01
Collected
N. L. Britton 1913-04-07
Origin
PR
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 46 botanical countries

Regions where Mitreola petiolata is native: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Leeward Is., Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is. AlabamaArkansasFloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestMississippiMissouriNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasVirginiaBelizeBoliviaBrazil NorthBrazil NortheastBrazil SoutheastBrazil West-CentralColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorFrench GuianaGuatemalaHaitiHondurasNicaraguaPanamáPeruPuerto RicoSurinameTrinidad-TobagoVenezuela BahamasLeeward Is.Windward Is.
Native distribution of Mitreola petiolata, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Bahamas BAH SOUTHERN AMERICA
Belize BLZ
Bolivia BOL
Brazil North BZN
Brazil Northeast BZE
Brazil Southeast BZL
Brazil West-Central BZC
Colombia CLM
Costa Rica COS
Cuba CUB
Dominican Republic DOM
Ecuador ECU
El Salvador ELS
French Guiana FRG
Guatemala GUA
Haiti HAI
Honduras HON
Leeward Is. LEE
Nicaragua NIC
Panamá PAN
Peru PER
Puerto Rico PUE
Suriname SUR
Trinidad-Tobago TRT
Venezuela VEN
Windward Is. WIN
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Arkansas ARK
Florida FLA
Georgia GEO
Kentucky KTY
Louisiana LOU
Mexico Central MXC
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Northwest MXN
Mexico Southeast MXT
Mexico Southwest MXS
Mississippi MSI
Missouri MSO
North Carolina NCA
Oklahoma OKL
South Carolina SCA
Tennessee TEN
Texas TEX
Virginia VRG

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 133 in flower of 165 examined

Peak flowering in Jul. Each bar is the share of Mitreola petiolata observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 133 of 165 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 4 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,012 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 2.0 °C 8.4 °C 16.9 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 30.0 °C 31.8 °C 34.8 °C
Annual rainfall 881 mm 1,455 mm 1,716 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 134 mm 187 mm 345 mm

It is found where winters are cool but frost is light or absent. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,012 research-grade observations of Mitreola petiolata that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 21 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britton
  • Cynoctonum mitreola var. campylocarpa Hochr.
  • Cynoctonum mitreola var. intermedia Hochr.
  • Cynoctonum mitreola var. lilacina (Backer ex Cammerl.) Bakh.f.
  • Cynoctonum mitreola var. orthocarpa Hochr.
  • Cynoctonum oldenlandioides (G.Don) B.L.Rob.
  • Cynoctonum paniculatum (Wall. ex G.Don) B.L.Rob.
  • Cynoctonum petiolatum J.F.Gmel.
  • Cynoctonum succulentum R.W.Long
  • Mitreola inconspicua Zoll. & Moritzi
  • Mitreola lanceolata Torr. ex H.B.Croom
  • Mitreola oldenlandioides (G.Don) Wall. ex A.DC.
  • Mitreola ophiorhizoides Rich.
  • Mitreola paniculata Wall. ex G.Don
  • Mitreola paniculata var. glabra Hoehne
  • Mitreola paniculata var. lilacina Backer ex Cammerl.
  • Mitreola paniculata var. oldenlandioides G.Don
  • Mitreola swartzii G.Don
  • Mitreola tracyi Gand.
  • Ophiorrhiza lanceolata Elliott
  • Ophiorrhiza mitreola L.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.