{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/mentha-spicata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "mentha-spicata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000241390",
    "inat_taxon_id": 62652
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Mentha spicata",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Mentha",
    "epithet": "spicata",
    "family": "Lamiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 576 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:451162-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Spearmint",
      "english": [
        "Spearmint",
        "spear mint",
        "spearmint"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Mentha aquatica subsp. crispa",
        "authorship": "(L.) G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha aquatica var. crispa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha atrata",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha balsamea",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha brevispicata",
        "authorship": "Lehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha chalepensis",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha cordato-ovata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha crispa",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha crispa var. verticillata",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha crispata",
        "authorship": "Schrad. ex Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha crispata var. lacerata",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha derelicta",
        "authorship": "Déségl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha glabra",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha hortensis",
        "authorship": "Opiz ex Fresen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha inarimensis",
        "authorship": "Guss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha integerrima",
        "authorship": "Mattei & Lojac."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha lacerata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha laciniosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha laevigata",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha lejeuneana",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha lejeunei",
        "authorship": "Opiz ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia subsp. undulata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia subsp. viridis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia subvar. psilostachya",
        "authorship": "(Pérard) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia var. crispata",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex Willd.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia var. laevigata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia var. piperella",
        "authorship": "(Lej.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia var. stenophylla",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha longifolia var. undulata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha michelii",
        "authorship": "Ten. ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha microphylla",
        "authorship": "K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha microphylla var. condensata",
        "authorship": "(Briq.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha microphylla var. glareosa",
        "authorship": "(Briq.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha mollissima var. undulata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha niliaca var. rosanii",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha ocymiodora",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha pectinata",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha piperella",
        "authorship": "(Lej.) Opiz ex Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha piperita var. crispa",
        "authorship": "(L.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha piperita var. inarimensis",
        "authorship": "(Guss.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha pudina",
        "authorship": "Buch.-Ham. ex Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha romana",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha romana",
        "authorship": "Garsault"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha rosani",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha rubicunda",
        "authorship": "Haw. ex Spach"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha rubicunda var. langiana",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sepincola",
        "authorship": "Holuby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sieberi",
        "authorship": "K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sofiana",
        "authorship": "Trautm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sofiana subsp. kickxiifolia",
        "authorship": "Trautm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata subsp. glabrata",
        "authorship": "(Lej. & Courtois) Lebeau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata subsp. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Harley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. cordato-ovata",
        "authorship": "Schinz & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. crispa",
        "authorship": "Ridd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. crispata",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex Willd.) Schinz & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. oblongifolia",
        "authorship": "(Wimm. & Grab.) Lebeau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. piperella",
        "authorship": "(Lej. & Courtois) Schinz & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. undulata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Lebeau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha spicata var. viridis",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha stenostachya",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha subsessilis",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris subsp. viridis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Batt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. crispa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Alef."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. crispata",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. glabra",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. oblongifolia",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. rosanii",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Strail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. stenostachya",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. undulata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha sylvestris var. viridis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Alef."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tauschii",
        "authorship": "Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tenuiflora",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tenuifolia",
        "authorship": "Opiz ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tenuis",
        "authorship": "Michx."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tomentosa",
        "authorship": "d'Urv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tomentosa subsp. condensata",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tomentosa subsp. glareosa",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha tomentosa var. viridula",
        "authorship": "Heldr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha undulata",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha villosa var. rosanii",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridifolia",
        "authorship": "Pérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis",
        "authorship": "(L.) L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis f. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Pérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis f. crispata",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex Willd.) Pérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis f. laevigata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis f. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Pérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis f. psilostachya",
        "authorship": "Pérard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Gray) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. crispata",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex Willd.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. euryphylla",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. exquisita",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. inarimensis",
        "authorship": "(Guss.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis subsp. malinvaldii",
        "authorship": "Agasse ex Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. allodonta",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Lej. ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. ciliata",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. cordato-ovata",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. crispa",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. crispata",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex Willd.) Becker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. exquisita",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. holotilta",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. hortensis",
        "authorship": "Wirtg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. jaccardii",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. lacerata",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. laetivridis",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. laevigata",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Lamotte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. lampreilema",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. lejeuneana",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Heinr.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. macrostemma",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. maderensis",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. malinvaldii",
        "authorship": "(Agasse ex Briq.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. ocymiodora",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. oligotricha",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. phaneroneura",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. phyllopogon",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. piperella",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. sinuosa",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. spadana",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. stenophyllon",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. tauscheri",
        "authorship": "Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. tenuiflora",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Michx.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha viridis var. walteriana",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Topitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mentha walteriana",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 301,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 200296015,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Violet T.",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/nflicker101",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ee51e9bf-b88d-4cf9-b766-6a54d7cebad1",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-07",
        "lat": 39.253,
        "lon": -85.142,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200296015/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200296015/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200296015/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200296015/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Violet T., CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 178677341,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jenny Saito",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jennysaito",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/77f9618d-35c7-4f1f-bf6d-e1881fb7feb8",
        "observed_on": "2022-02-07",
        "lat": -44.188,
        "lon": 170.326,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178677341/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178677341/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178677341/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178677341/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 174615391,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Saryu Mae 前 朝琉",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/invertebratist",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d6b33684-1f40-4b4a-84d9-96a8d0a16bc3",
        "observed_on": "2022-01-02",
        "lat": -37.068,
        "lon": 175.09,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174615391/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174615391/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174615391/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174615391/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Saryu Mae 前 朝琉, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 165482885,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Ian Wolfe",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ian-wolfe",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/25e428e7-0673-467b-a347-ce331777f490",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-11",
        "lat": 39.245,
        "lon": -76.495,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/165482885/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/165482885/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/165482885/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/165482885/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Ian Wolfe, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 161420968,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "George Williams",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/georgewilliams1",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6b259ec8-b040-458d-89dd-59b9398f1275",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-03",
        "lat": 34.491,
        "lon": -119.581,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161420968/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161420968/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161420968/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161420968/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "George Williams, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 157841446,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Andrea Meucci",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andreameucci",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/86589490-84f8-4b3f-9c65-ea63846b76e0",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-16",
        "lat": 45.874,
        "lon": 10.766,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157841446/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157841446/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157841446/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/157841446/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrea Meucci, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 151164300,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "София Р.",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/sofya_hm",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/a8daf1ef-0c41-4201-9b86-5902fad51f5d",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-14",
        "lat": 44.885,
        "lon": 37.309,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151164300/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151164300/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151164300/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151164300/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "София Р., CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 149764572,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Luke Wildfire",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/wildluker",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8000d46a-61db-4e9f-acd4-15a7741a8381",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-09",
        "lat": 39.497,
        "lon": -76.688,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/149764572/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/149764572/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/149764572/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/149764572/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Luke Wildfire, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "EGY",
      "AFG",
      "CHC",
      "CHS",
      "CYP",
      "EAI",
      "IRN",
      "LBS",
      "NCS",
      "PAL",
      "SIN",
      "CHT",
      "TCS",
      "TKM",
      "TUR",
      "NEP",
      "PAK",
      "WHM",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BGM",
      "BUL",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "ITA",
      "KRI",
      "YUG",
      "NET",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "ROM",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "TUE",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CYP",
        "name": "Cyprus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIN",
        "name": "Sinai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 170,
    "n_annotated": 203,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      7,
      13,
      8,
      1,
      0,
      3,
      40,
      55,
      31,
      12,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      8,
      16,
      11,
      6,
      4,
      10,
      42,
      57,
      31,
      15,
      2,
      1
    ],
    "share": [
      0.875,
      0.8125,
      0.7273,
      0.1667,
      null,
      0.3,
      0.9524,
      0.9649,
      1,
      0.8,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.5291,
        0.9776
      ],
      [
        0.5699,
        0.9341
      ],
      [
        0.4343,
        0.9025
      ],
      [
        0.0301,
        0.5635
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.1078,
        0.6032
      ],
      [
        0.8421,
        0.9868
      ],
      [
        0.8808,
        0.9903
      ],
      [
        0.8897,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.5481,
        0.9295
      ],
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 9,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 5.4,
      "median": 11.5,
      "p95": 19.1
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 246.9,
      "median": 684.1,
      "p95": 993.4
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 18.4,
      "median": 25.6,
      "p95": 32.6
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -11.6,
      "median": -0.3,
      "p95": 10.6
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 459.3,
      "median": 957.3,
      "p95": 1610.6
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 10.7,
      "median": 24.2,
      "p95": 90.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 8.4,
      "median": 150.4,
      "p95": 280.3
    },
    "n": 1952,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1952 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/mentha-spicata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}