{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/mentha-canadensis/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "mentha-canadensis", "wfo": "wfo-0000240492", "inat_taxon_id": 77991 }, "name": { "scientific": "Mentha canadensis", "authorship": "L.", "genus": "Mentha", "epithet": "canadensis", "family": "Lamiaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 577 (1753)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:450311-1", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Clinopodium purpureum", "authorship": "(Kellogg) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Hedeoma purpurea", "authorship": "Kellogg" }, { "name": "Mentha agrestis", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. albiflora", "authorship": "Rouleau" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. brevipilosa", "authorship": "S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. chinensis", "authorship": "Debeaux" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. glabra", "authorship": "(Benth.) S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. glabrata", "authorship": "(Benth.) S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. lanata", "authorship": "(Piper) S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. lanigera", "authorship": "S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. pedunculata", "authorship": "D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis f. puberula", "authorship": "S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis subsp. borealis", "authorship": "(Michx.) Roy L.Taylor & MacBryde" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis subsp. canadensis", "authorship": "(L.) H.Hara" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis subsp. haplocalyx", "authorship": "(Briq.) Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis subsp. piperascens", "authorship": "(Malinv. ex Holmes) H.Hara" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. aquatica", "authorship": "N.Coleman" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. barbata", "authorship": "(Nakai) W.Lee" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. borealis", "authorship": "(Michx.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. canadensis", "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. glabra", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. glabrata", "authorship": "(Benth.) Fernald" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. haplocalyx", "authorship": "(Briq.) Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. javanica", "authorship": "(Blume) Hook.f." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. lanata", "authorship": "Piper" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. occidentalis", "authorship": "(Rydb.) G.N.Jones" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. pavoniana", "authorship": "(Briq.) Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. penardii", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. piperascens", "authorship": "Malinv. ex Holmes" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. sachalinensis", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. schmitzii", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. villosa", "authorship": "(Benth.) S.R.Stewart" }, { "name": "Mentha arvensis var. zollingeri", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha borealis", "authorship": "Michx." }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis f. pilosa", "authorship": "(H.Hara) H.Hara" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis subsp. borealis", "authorship": "(Michx.) Piper" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis subsp. lanata", "authorship": "(Piper) Piper" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. borealis", "authorship": "N.Coleman" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. glabrata", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. glabrior", "authorship": "Hook." }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. lanata", "authorship": "(Piper) J.K.Henry" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. mexicana", "authorship": "M.Martens & Galeotti" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. piperascens", "authorship": "(Malinv. ex Holmes) H.Hara" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. retrorsa", "authorship": "J.L.Liu" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. sachalinensis", "authorship": "(Briq.) Kudô" }, { "name": "Mentha canadensis var. villosa", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Mentha ciliata", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Mentha disperma", "authorship": "Sessé & Moc." }, { "name": "Mentha glabrior", "authorship": "(Hook.) Rydb." }, { "name": "Mentha glauca", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Mentha glauca var. parvifolia", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Mentha hakka", "authorship": "Siebold" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx f. alba", "authorship": "X.L.Liu & X.H.Guo" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx subsp. austera", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx subsp. pavoniana", "authorship": "Briq." }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx var. barbata", "authorship": "Nakai" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx var. nipponensis", "authorship": "Matsum. & Kudô" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx var. pilosa", "authorship": "G.J.Liu" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx var. piperascens", "authorship": "(Malinv. ex Holmes) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li" }, { "name": "Mentha haplocalyx var. sachalinensis", "authorship": "(Briq.) Kudô" }, { "name": "Mentha javanica", "authorship": "Blume" }, { "name": "Mentha lanata", "authorship": "(Piper) Rydb." }, { "name": "Mentha occidentalis", "authorship": "Rydb." }, { "name": "Mentha pedunculata", "authorship": "Hu & Tsai" }, { "name": "Mentha penardii", "authorship": "(Briq.) Rydb." }, { "name": "Mentha sachalinensis", "authorship": "(Briq.) Kudô" }, { "name": "Mentha sachalinensis f. arguta", "authorship": "(Kitag.) Y.C.Zhu" }, { "name": "Mentha sachalinensis f. pilosa", "authorship": "H.Hara" }, { "name": "Mentha sachalinensis var. arguta", "authorship": "Kitag." }, { "name": "Mentha terebinthinacea", "authorship": "Willd. ex Steud." }, { "name": "Mentha trachiloma", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Micromeria purpurea", "authorship": "(Kellogg) A.Gray" }, { "name": "Satureja purpurea", "authorship": "(Kellogg) Briq." } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 497, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 203343435, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Celina Waldron", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/floraofalberta", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b6fe3098-f57d-4d8f-83ba-8861b0e4f9bc", "observed_on": "2022-06-04", "lat": 53.827, "lon": -113.339, 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"code": "CAL", "name": "California", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "COL", "name": "Colorado", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "CNT", "name": "Connecticut", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "DEL", "name": "Delaware", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "FLA", "name": "Florida", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "GEO", "name": "Georgia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "IDA", "name": "Idaho", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "ILL", "name": "Illinois", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "INI", "name": "Indiana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "IOW", "name": "Iowa", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "KAN", "name": "Kansas", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "KTY", "name": "Kentucky", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "LAB", "name": "Labrador", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "MAI", "name": "Maine", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MAN", "name": "Manitoba", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "MRY", "name": "Maryland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MAS", "name": "Massachusetts", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MXC", "name": "Mexico Central", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXE", "name": "Mexico Northeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MXN", "name": "Mexico Northwest", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MIC", "name": "Michigan", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MIN", "name": "Minnesota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "MSO", "name": "Missouri", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "MNT", "name": "Montana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NEB", "name": "Nebraska", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NEV", "name": "Nevada", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NBR", "name": "New Brunswick", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "NWH", "name": "New Hampshire", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWJ", "name": "New Jersey", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWM", "name": "New Mexico", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "South-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWY", "name": "New York", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NFL", "name": "Newfoundland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "NCA", "name": "North Carolina", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "NDA", "name": "North Dakota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NWT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" }, { "code": "NSC", "name": "Nova Scotia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "OHI", "name": "Ohio", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "OKL", "name": "Oklahoma", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "ONT", "name": "Ontario", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "ORE", "name": "Oregon", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "PEN", "name": "Pennsylvania", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "QUE", "name": "Québec", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Eastern Canada" }, { "code": "RHO", "name": "Rhode I.", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "SAS", "name": "Saskatchewan", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western Canada" }, { "code": "SDA", "name": "South Dakota", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "TEN", "name": "Tennessee", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "TEX", "name": "Texas", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "South-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "UTA", "name": "Utah", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "VER", "name": "Vermont", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "VRG", "name": "Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WAS", "name": "Washington", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WVA", "name": "West Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WIS", "name": "Wisconsin", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "WYO", "name": "Wyoming", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northwestern U.S.A." }, { "code": "YUK", "name": "Yukon", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Subarctic America" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 854, "n_annotated": 930, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 321, 381, 123, 12, 1, 0 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 1, 0, 2, 2, 5, 26, 337, 391, 139, 26, 1, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, null, 0, 0.5769, 0.9525, 0.9744, 0.8849, 0.4615, null, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, null, [ 0, 0.4345 ], [ 0.3895, 0.7446 ], [ 0.9243, 0.9706 ], [ 0.9536, 0.986 ], [ 0.8212, 0.9279 ], [ 0.2876, 0.6454 ], null, null ], "peak_month": 8, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "fruiting": { "n": 83, "by_month": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 11, 37, 21, 13, 0, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, null, 0, 0, 0.0326, 0.0946, 0.1511, 0.5, null, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, null, [ 0, 0.4345 ], [ 0, 0.1287 ], [ 0.0183, 0.0575 ], [ 0.0694, 0.1277 ], [ 0.101, 0.2199 ], [ 0.3206, 0.6794 ], null, null ], "peak_month": 10 }, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "perennial", "climate": "temperate" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 1.3, "median": 6.7, "p95": 12 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 513.6, "median": 970.2, "p95": 1235.3 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 20.7, "median": 24.8, "p95": 29.3 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -20.1, "median": -11.3, "p95": 1.9 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 383.5, "median": 876, "p95": 1569.9 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 11.4, "median": 30.1, "p95": 74.1 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 33, "median": 121.7, "p95": 281 }, "n": 2049, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2049 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/mentha-canadensis/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }