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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "marsilea-minuta",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001110765",
    "inat_taxon_id": 203008
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Marsilea minuta",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Marsilea",
    "epithet": "minuta",
    "family": "Marsileaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Mant. Pl. Altera 308 (1771)",
    "protologue_url": "https://pteridogroup.github.io/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Dwarf Water Clover",
      "english": [
        "Dwarf Water Clover",
        "Gelid Waterklawer",
        "Small Water Clover",
        "dwarf waterclover"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Lemma minuta",
        "authorship": "(L.) Desr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea aegyptiaca",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea brachycarpa",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea brachypus",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea cornuta",
        "authorship": "(A.Braun) A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea coromandelica",
        "authorship": "Burm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea crenata",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea crenulata",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea crenulata var. incurva",
        "authorship": "(A.Braun) A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea crenulata var. senegalensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Braun) C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa",
        "authorship": "Lepr. ex A.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. algeriensis",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. canariensis",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. gracilipes",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. madagascariensis",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. microphylla",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa f. nilotica",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa var. approximata",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea diffusa var. incurva",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea elata var. cornuta",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea erosa",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea fimbriata",
        "authorship": "Schumach."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea gracilenta",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea kedarmalii",
        "authorship": "Bhardwaja, Gena & D'Souza"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea maheshwarii",
        "authorship": "Gopal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea major",
        "authorship": "(Haines) Chowdhury"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea mearnsii",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea microcarpa",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea minuta subsp. brachycarpa",
        "authorship": "(A.Braun) Bhardwaja"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea minuta var. indica",
        "authorship": "K.M.Gupta"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea minuta var. major",
        "authorship": "Haines"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea minuta var. minuta",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea perrieriana",
        "authorship": "C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea poonensis",
        "authorship": "Kolh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea senegalensis",
        "authorship": "A.Braun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea sinensis",
        "authorship": "Hand.-Mazz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea tenax",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea tetraphylla",
        "authorship": "Thunb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Marsilea vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Bory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia coromandelica",
        "authorship": "(Burm.f.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia crenulata",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia diffusa",
        "authorship": "(Lepr. ex A.Braun) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia fimbriata",
        "authorship": "(Schumach.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia minuta",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzianskia senegalensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Braun) Kuntze"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilea_minuta"
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        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "rhizomatous geophyte",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 18.8,
      "median": 22.7,
      "p95": 26.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 85.7,
      "median": 445.4,
      "p95": 600.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 28.4,
      "median": 30.2,
      "p95": 35.3
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 7.1,
      "median": 13.4,
      "p95": 22.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 1033.6,
      "median": 2243.6,
      "p95": 4105.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 21.9,
      "median": 48.5,
      "p95": 100
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 37.3,
      "median": 193,
      "p95": 768.6
    },
    "n": 217,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 217 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/marsilea-minuta/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}