Malus prunifolia(Willd.) Borkh.

plumleaf crab apple

WFO wfo-0001131646 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 5 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 5 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Malus prunifolia, photographed by Summit Metro Parks
fig. a Summit Metro Parks, CC BY 4.0 / 2020-09-24 / obs. 97083245

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 5 botanical countries

Regions where Malus prunifolia is native: China North-Central, China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Qinghai China North-CentralChina South-CentralInner MongoliaManchuriaQinghai
Native distribution of Malus prunifolia, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
China North-Central CHN ASIA-TEMPERATE
China South-Central CHC
Inner Mongolia CHI
Manchuria CHM
Qinghai CHQ

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 258 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -18.6 °C -12.9 °C -1.1 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 21.6 °C 23.6 °C 29.9 °C
Annual rainfall 384 mm 669 mm 1,267 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 11 mm 93 mm 265 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 258 research-grade observations of Malus prunifolia that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 38 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Malus domestica subsp. prunifolia (Willd.) Likhonos
  • Malus grandiflora (Asami) Koidz.
  • Malus prunifolia f. alba Asami
  • Malus prunifolia f. coccinea Dippel
  • Malus prunifolia f. conocarpa Dippel
  • Malus prunifolia f. dulcis Dippel
  • Malus prunifolia f. edulis Dippel
  • Malus prunifolia f. fastigiata Rehder
  • Malus prunifolia f. fastigiata-bifera (Dieck ex C.K.Schneid.) Al.Fed.
  • Malus prunifolia f. fructo-striato Zabel
  • Malus prunifolia f. lutea (Bean) Al.Fed.
  • Malus prunifolia f. pendula (Neubert) Rehder
  • Malus prunifolia f. semiplena Asami
  • Malus prunifolia var. grandiflora Asami
  • Malus prunifolia var. longifolia Asami
  • Malus prunifolia var. lutea Bean
  • Malus prunifolia var. obliquipedicellata X.W.Li & J.W.Sun
  • Malus prunifolia var. ovicarpa Asami
  • Malus prunifolia var. pendula (Neubert) Bean
  • Malus prunifolia var. prunifolia
  • Malus prunifolia var. pulverulenta Lavallée
  • Malus ringo unranked fastigiata-bifera Dieck ex C.K.Schneid.
  • Pyrus ceratocarpa Wender.
  • Pyrus polonica K.Koch

and 14 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol MAPR. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.