Maianthemum trifolium(L.) Sloboda

threeleaf false lily of the valley

WFO wfo-0000690533 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Pierre Cartier
fig. a Pierre Cartier, CC0 1.0 / 2022-06-10 / obs. 205011365
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by alicia penney
fig. b alicia penney, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 166042832
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by alicia penney
fig. c alicia penney, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 166042786
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Pierre Cartier
fig. d Pierre Cartier, CC0 1.0 / obs. 147025856
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Mary Krieger
fig. e Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 142015520
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Mary Krieger
fig. f Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 140389751
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Roger Rittmaster
fig. g Roger Rittmaster, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 138304180
Maianthemum trifolium, photographed by Pierre Cartier
fig. h Pierre Cartier, CC0 1.0 / obs. 137960541

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 42 botanical countries

Regions where Maianthemum trifolium is native: Amur, Buryatiya, Chita, Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Primorye, Sakhalin, Yakutiya, Alberta, British Columbia, Connecticut, Labrador, Maine, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, Vermont, Wisconsin, Yukon AmurBuryatiyaChitaInner MongoliaIrkutskKamchatkaKhabarovskKrasnoyarskMagadanManchuriaMongoliaPrimoryeSakhalinYakutiyaAlbertaBritish ColumbiaConnecticutLabradorMaineManitobaMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaNew BrunswickNew HampshireNew JerseyNew YorkNewfoundlandNorthwest TerritoriesNova ScotiaNunavutOhioOntarioPennsylvaniaPrince Edward I.QuébecSaskatchewanVermontWisconsinYukon KoreaRhode I.
Native distribution of Maianthemum trifolium, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alberta ABT NORTHERN AMERICA
British Columbia BRC
Connecticut CNT
Labrador LAB
Maine MAI
Manitoba MAN
Massachusetts MAS
Michigan MIC
Minnesota MIN
New Brunswick NBR
New Hampshire NWH
New Jersey NWJ
New York NWY
Newfoundland NFL
Northwest Territories NWT
Nova Scotia NSC
Nunavut NUN
Ohio OHI
Ontario ONT
Pennsylvania PEN
Prince Edward I. PEI
Québec QUE
Rhode I. RHO
Saskatchewan SAS
Vermont VER
Wisconsin WIS
Yukon YUK
Amur AMU ASIA-TEMPERATE
Buryatiya BRY
Chita CTA
Inner Mongolia CHI
Irkutsk IRK
Kamchatka KAM
Khabarovsk KHA
Korea KOR
Krasnoyarsk KRA
Magadan MAG
Manchuria CHM
Mongolia MON
Primorye PRM
Sakhalin SAK
Yakutiya YAK

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 279 in flower of 418 examined

Peak flowering in Jun. Each bar is the share of Maianthemum trifolium observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 279 of 418 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 7 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 11 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Asteranthemum trifoliatum Kunth
  • Asteranthemum trifolium (L.) Kunth
  • Asteranthemum trifolium (L.) Nieuwl.
  • Convallaria trifolia L.
  • Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
  • Tovaria trifolia (L.) Baker
  • Unifolium trifolium (L.) Greene
  • Vagnera pumila Standl.
  • Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong
  • Vagnera trifolia f. bifolia Farw.
  • Vagnera trifolia f. unifolia Farw.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.