Lysimachia foemina(Mill.) U.Manns & Anderb.

WFO wfo-0000744194 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Lysimachia foemina, photographed by Rafael Medina
fig. a Rafael Medina, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-22 / obs. 199708116
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by Rafael Medina
fig. b Rafael Medina, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199442251
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by Julien Renoult
fig. c Julien Renoult, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199184588
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by pavlaki1968
fig. d pavlaki1968, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197472643
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by Konstantin Grebennikov
fig. e Konstantin Grebennikov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196324562
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by Eleftherios Katsillis
fig. f Eleftherios Katsillis, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191782024
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁
fig. g WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 190439294
Lysimachia foemina, photographed by David Delon
fig. h David Delon, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186761223

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 49 botanical countries

Regions where Lysimachia foemina is native: Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, Morocco, Selvagens, Tunisia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Albania, Austria, Baleares, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corse, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kriti, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine MoroccoSelvagensTunisiaAfghanistanCyprusKazakhstanKirgizstanLebanon-SyriaNorth CaucasusPalestineSaudi ArabiaSinaiTadzhikistanTranscaucasusTürkiyeUzbekistanYemenAlbaniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBulgariaCentral European RussiaCorseDenmarkEast European RussiaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyKritiKrymNetherlandsNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandPortugalSouth European RussiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTürkiye-in-EuropeUkraine AzoresCanary Is.MadeiraBaleares
Native distribution of Lysimachia foemina, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Baleares BAL
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Corse COR
Denmark DEN
East European Russia RUE
Finland FIN
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Kriti KRI
Krym KRY
Netherlands NET
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Portugal POR
South European Russia RUS
Spain SPA
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Ukraine UKR
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
Cyprus CYP
Kazakhstan KAZ
Kirgizstan KGZ
Lebanon-Syria LBS
North Caucasus NCS
Palestine PAL
Saudi Arabia SAU
Sinai SIN
Tadzhikistan TZK
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Uzbekistan UZB
Yemen YEM
Azores AZO AFRICA
Canary Is. CNY
Madeira MDR
Morocco MOR
Selvagens SEL
Tunisia TUN

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 241 in flower of 244 examined

Peak flowering in Mar. Each bar is the share of Lysimachia foemina observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 241 of 244 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 4 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,790 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -4.7 °C 2.2 °C 11.0 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 22.1 °C 27.0 °C 33.3 °C
Annual rainfall 396 mm 699 mm 1,318 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 9 mm 105 mm 207 mm

It is found where winters bring light frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,790 research-grade observations of Lysimachia foemina that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 7 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Anagallis arvensis subsp. caerulea Hartm.
  • Anagallis arvensis subsp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.
  • Anagallis arvensis var. caerulea (Hartm.) Trevir.
  • Anagallis arvensis var. gentianea Beck
  • Anagallis arvensis var. longifolia Willk.
  • Anagallis caerulea Schreb.
  • Anagallis foemina Mill.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.