Ludwigia bonariensis(Micheli) H.Hara

Carolina primrose-willow

WFO wfo-0001087508 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Germán Saigo
fig. a Germán Saigo, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-03-24 / obs. 118399046
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Ezequiel Vera
fig. b Ezequiel Vera, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 114466449
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Tyler Bishop
fig. c Tyler Bishop, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 53144407
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Tyler Bishop
fig. d Tyler Bishop, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 53144055
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Joaquin Valentinuzzi
fig. e Joaquin Valentinuzzi, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 86752398
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Leonel Roget
fig. f Leonel Roget, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 31659141
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Annika Lindqvist
fig. g Annika Lindqvist, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 14974527
Ludwigia bonariensis, photographed by Ezequiel Racker
fig. h Ezequiel Racker, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 169121184

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
Smithsonian, US National Herbarium
Accession
US 371752
Filed as
Ludwigia bonariensis (Micheli) H.Hara
Det. by
not recorded on this sheet
Collected
S. M. Tracy & -- Lloyd 1900-08-21
Origin
US
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC0 1.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 17 botanical countries

Regions where Ludwigia bonariensis is native: Alabama, Florida, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil West-Central, Paraguay, Uruguay AlabamaFloridaMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico SouthwestMississippiNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaTexasArgentina NortheastArgentina NorthwestBoliviaBrazil SouthBrazil West-CentralParaguayUruguay
Native distribution of Ludwigia bonariensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Florida FLA
Mexico Central MXC
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Southwest MXS
Mississippi MSI
North Carolina NCA
South Carolina SCA
Texas TEX
Argentina Northeast AGE SOUTHERN AMERICA
Argentina Northwest AGW
Bolivia BOL
Brazil South BZS
Brazil West-Central BZC
Paraguay PAR
Uruguay URU

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 218 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 6.8 °C 8.4 °C 12.8 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 26.4 °C 30.5 °C 32.2 °C
Annual rainfall 1,033 mm 1,151 mm 1,823 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 78 mm 162 mm 329 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 218 research-grade observations of Ludwigia bonariensis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 3 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Jussiaea bonariensis Micheli
  • Jussiaea neglecta Small
  • Jussiaea suffruticosa var. bonariensis (Micheli) H.Lév.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.