{
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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/lophocolea-bidentata/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "lophocolea-bidentata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001196444",
    "inat_taxon_id": 83960
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Lophocolea bidentata",
    "authorship": "(L.) Dumort.",
    "genus": "Lophocolea",
    "epithet": "bidentata",
    "family": "Lophocoleaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Recueil Observ. Jungerm.: 17. 1835.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Chiloscyphus cuspidatus",
        "authorship": "(Nees) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chiloscyphus cuspidatus f. alatus",
        "authorship": "(Mitt.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chiloscyphus jelinekii",
        "authorship": "(Reichardt) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chiloscyphus mooreanus",
        "authorship": "(Steph.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Jungermannia bidentata",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Jungermannia bidentata var. bidentata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Jungermannia bidentata var. major",
        "authorship": "Weiss"
      },
      {
        "name": "Jungermannia bidentata var. minor",
        "authorship": "Becker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Jungermannia bidentata var. obtusata",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptoscyphus stephensiae",
        "authorship": "Sim"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea alata",
        "authorship": "Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea arisancola",
        "authorship": "Horik."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. bidentata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. cavernicola",
        "authorship": "Müll.Frib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. interrupta",
        "authorship": "(Huebener ex Schiffn.) Müll.Frib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. latifolia",
        "authorship": "(Huebener ex T.Jensen) Gottsche & Rabenh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. submersa",
        "authorship": "Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. transitoria",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata f. turfosa",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata subsp. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. alata",
        "authorship": "Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. bidentata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. ciliata",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Debat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. fluitans",
        "authorship": "F.A.Camus ex Husn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Carrington"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. interrupta",
        "authorship": "Huebener ex Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Huebener ex T.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. monstrosa",
        "authorship": "Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. mougeotii",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. obtusata",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. pulverulenta",
        "authorship": "Jørg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. subtilis",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea bidentata var. ventricosa",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea ciliata",
        "authorship": "Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata f. alata",
        "authorship": "(Mitt.) R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata f. limprichtii",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata f. luxurians",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata f. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Frib.) Jørg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata f. umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata subsp. antipodea",
        "authorship": "R.M.Schust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata var. alata",
        "authorship": "(Mitt.) Müll.Frib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata var. asymmetrica",
        "authorship": "A.Srivast. & S.C.Srivast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata var. banatica",
        "authorship": "Ştefur."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata var. grandiretis",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea cuspidata var. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "Müll.Frib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea fissa",
        "authorship": "Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea fusca",
        "authorship": "Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea hookeriana f. obtusata",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea hookeriana f. prolifera",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea hookeriana var. obtusata",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea hookeriana var. prolifera",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea jelinekii",
        "authorship": "Reichardt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea lateralis",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea lateralis var. gracile",
        "authorship": "(Carrington) Lett"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea leibergii",
        "authorship": "Underw. ex Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea longispica",
        "authorship": "Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea mooreana",
        "authorship": "Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea scott-elliottii",
        "authorship": "Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophocolea setacea",
        "authorship": "Steph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lophozia bidentata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Mig."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mnium fissum",
        "authorship": "Neck."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
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      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
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    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1693 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
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  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
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      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/lophocolea-bidentata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}