Limnophila indica(L.) Druce

Indian MarshweedIndian marshweed

WFO wfo-0000445814 Accepted WFO 2026-06 6 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–f · 1 observation

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 1 time, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. a Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / 2016-01-30 / obs. 92949521
Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. b Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92949547
Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. c Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92949479
Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. d Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92949504
Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. e Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92949534
Limnophila indica, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. f Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92949466

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 50 botanical countries

Regions where Limnophila indica is native: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Queensland, Marianas AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkinaCameroonCentral African RepublicChadDR CongoEthiopiaGabonIvory CoastMalawiMaliMozambiqueNigerNigeriaSenegalSudan-South SudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabweChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanJapanTaiwanAssamBangladeshCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosMalayaMalukuMyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSri LankaSulawesiThailandVietnamWest HimalayaQueensland KoreaMarianas
Native distribution of Limnophila indica, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Angola ANG AFRICA
Benin BEN
Botswana BOT
Burkina BKN
Cameroon CMN
Central African Republic CAF
Chad CHA
DR Congo ZAI
Ethiopia ETH
Gabon GAB
Ivory Coast IVO
Malawi MLW
Mali MLI
Mozambique MOZ
Niger NGR
Nigeria NGA
Senegal SEN
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Togo TOG
Uganda UGA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Bangladesh BAN
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Malaya MLY
Maluku MOL
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Sulawesi SUL
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Japan JAP
Korea KOR
Taiwan TAI
Queensland QLD AUSTRALASIA
Marianas MRN PACIFIC

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 49 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 10.9 °C 15.6 °C 15.7 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 27.3 °C 30.2 °C 30.2 °C
Annual rainfall 2,620 mm 2,637 mm 4,660 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 85 mm 90 mm 714 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 49 research-grade observations of Limnophila indica that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 21 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Ambulia gratioloides Baill. ex Wettst.
  • Ambulia indica (L.) W.Wight
  • Ambulia stipitata Hayata
  • Ambulia trichophylla Kom.
  • Columnea balsamea Roxb.
  • Gratiola chamaedrifolia Lam.
  • Gratiola trifida Willd.
  • Hottonia indica L.
  • Hydropityon pedunculatum Ser.
  • Hydropityon zeylanica C.F.Gaertn.
  • Limnophila benthamiana Miq. ex Hook.f.
  • Limnophila elongata Benth.
  • Limnophila gratioloides R.Br.
  • Limnophila gratioloides var. nana Skan
  • Limnophila myriophylloides Roth
  • Limnophila myriophylloides var. serrulata Roth
  • Limnophila roxburghii Benth.
  • Limnophila stipitata (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto
  • Limnophila trichophylla (Kom.) Kom.
  • Limnophila trifida Spreng.
  • Terebinthina indica (L.) Kuntze

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.