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  "last_modified": "2024-08-02",
  "id": {
    "slug": "libanotis-pyrenaica",
    "wfo": "wfo-1000066497",
    "inat_taxon_id": 1639823
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Libanotis pyrenaica",
    "authorship": "(L.) Bourg.",
    "genus": "Libanotis",
    "epithet": "pyrenaica",
    "family": "Apiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Pyr. Hisp. : 562 (1879)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2341301-4",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "mooncarrot",
      "english": [
        "mooncarrot"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Ammi daucifolium",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta caucasica",
        "authorship": "Hort.Par. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta collina",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta daucoides",
        "authorship": "J.F.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta libanotis",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta libanotis var. exaltata",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta libanotis var. major",
        "authorship": "Hagenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta libanotis var. riviniana",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Trevir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta oreoselinum",
        "authorship": "Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta pubescens",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Athamanta riviniana",
        "authorship": "Host ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Balinotella libanotis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Balinotella libanotis subsp. leiocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Heuff.) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Balinotella libanotis subsp. pyrenaica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bubon libanotis",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bubon pyrenaicus",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crithmum pyrenaicum",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis alpina",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis athamanthoides",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis athamantica",
        "authorship": "G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis athamantina",
        "authorship": "Roehl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis athamantoides",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis cretensis",
        "authorship": "Gaertn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis crithmoides",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis daucifolia",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis daucifolia var. athamantoides",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Poldini"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis daucoides",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis daucus-creticus",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis gracilis",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis hostiana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis humilis",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis intermedia",
        "authorship": "Rupr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis libanotis",
        "authorship": "H.Karst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis major",
        "authorship": "Hall. ex Gouan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana subsp. athamanthoides",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Bonnier & Layens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Kauffm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana var. leiocarpa",
        "authorship": "Heuff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis montana-ferulacea",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis nitens",
        "authorship": "Vis."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis nitida",
        "authorship": "Vis."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pubescens",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Schloss. & Vuk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pubescens",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pumila",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica f. callayi",
        "authorship": "J.Duvign."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica f. glabra",
        "authorship": "J.Duvign."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. athamanthoides",
        "authorship": "(Spr.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. bipinnata",
        "authorship": "(Čelak.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. eulibanotis",
        "authorship": "O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "Lemke & Rothm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subvar. libanotis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Reduron"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subvar. libanotis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Reduron"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis pyrenaica subvar. riviniana",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Reduron"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis riviniana",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis taurica",
        "authorship": "Rubtsov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis vulgaris",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Libanotis vulgaris var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ligusticum athamantoides",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ligusticum condensatum",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ligusticum divaricatilobum",
        "authorship": "Clos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ligusticum ferulaceum",
        "authorship": "Lapeyr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ligusticum sibiricum",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Selinum libanotis",
        "authorship": "E.H.L.Krause"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli athamantoides",
        "authorship": "C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli intermedium",
        "authorship": "(Rupr.) Vodop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli leiocarpum",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis f. callayi",
        "authorship": "(J.Duvign.) J.Duvign."
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis f. glabrum",
        "authorship": "(J.Duvign.) Benedí & Molero"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis subsp. atlanticum",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis subsp. intermedium",
        "authorship": "(Rupr.) P.W.Ball"
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      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis subsp. leiocarpum",
        "authorship": "(Heuff.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis subsp. maius",
        "authorship": "(Hagenbach) F.Dvorak & B.Dadakova"
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      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis subsp. pyrenaicum",
        "authorship": "(L.) M.Laínz"
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      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis var. athamantoides",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Rchb.f."
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      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis var. bipinnata",
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        "name": "Seseli libanotis var. dissectum",
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      {
        "name": "Seseli libanotis var. major",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
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        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
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        "name": "Seseli libanotis var. pyrenaicum",
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        "name": "Seseli libanotum",
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        "name": "Seseli pencanum",
        "authorship": "Phil."
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        "name": "Seseli pubicarpum",
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        "name": "Seseli reichenbachii",
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        "name": "Seseli vulgare",
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          0.0475
        ],
        [
          0.0785,
          0.2297
        ],
        [
          0.3248,
          0.6274
        ],
        [
          0.0301,
          0.5635
        ],
        [
          0.0224,
          0.4709
        ],
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 8
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 1.5,
      "median": 5.3,
      "p95": 9
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 730.6,
      "median": 1009.5,
      "p95": 1272.2
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 21.4,
      "median": 23.4,
      "p95": 25.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -19.6,
      "median": -11.2,
      "p95": -4.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 399.4,
      "median": 605.2,
      "p95": 856
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 19,
      "median": 29.9,
      "p95": 51
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 48.8,
      "median": 99.9,
      "p95": 135.2
    },
    "n": 1968,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1968 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol SELI2",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/libanotis-pyrenaica/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}