Ilex cassineL.

dahoon

WFO wfo-0000729281 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Ilex cassine, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. a Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-04-05 / obs. 186381327
Ilex cassine, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. b Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 180961086
Ilex cassine, photographed by Laura Gaudette
fig. c Laura Gaudette, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 180351606
Ilex cassine, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. d Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 180483201
Ilex cassine, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. e Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 178485009
Ilex cassine, photographed by Austin Pursley
fig. f Austin Pursley, CC0 1.0 / obs. 178483531
Ilex cassine, photographed by Derek
fig. g Derek, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 177875577
Ilex cassine, photographed by Leila Dasher
fig. h Leila Dasher, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 175767839

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 15 botanical countries

Regions where Ilex cassine is native: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Bahamas, Cuba AlabamaFloridaGeorgiaLouisianaMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SouthwestMississippiNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaTexasCuba Bahamas
Native distribution of Ilex cassine, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Florida FLA
Georgia GEO
Louisiana LOU
Mexico Central MXC
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Northwest MXN
Mexico Southwest MXS
Mississippi MSI
North Carolina NCA
South Carolina SCA
Texas TEX
Bahamas BAH SOUTHERN AMERICA
Cuba CUB

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 46 in flower of 433 examined

Peak flowering in May. Each bar is the share of Ilex cassine observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 46 of 433 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 41 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Ageria cassena Raf.
  • Ageria geminata Raf.
  • Ageria heterophylla Raf.
  • Ageria obovata Raf.
  • Ageria palustris Raf.
  • Cassine caroliniana Lam.
  • Cassine corymbosa Mill.
  • Cassine ramulosa Raf.
  • Hexotria lanceolata Raf.
  • Hierophyllus cassena (Michx.) Raf.
  • Ilex angustifolia Salisb.
  • Ilex angustifolia Willd.
  • Ilex angustifolia var. ligustrifolia Pursh
  • Ilex atramentaria Barton
  • Ilex cassine subsp. mexicana (Turcz.) A.E.Murray
  • Ilex cassine var. angustifolia Aiton
  • Ilex cassine var. cassine
  • Ilex cassine var. latifolia Aiton
  • Ilex cassine var. parvifolia C.K.Schneid.
  • Ilex cassinoides Dum.Cours.
  • Ilex cassinoides Link
  • Ilex castaneifolia hort. ex Decne.
  • Ilex dahoon Walter
  • Ilex dahoon var. angustifolia (Aiton) Torr. & A.Gray ex S.Watson

and 17 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.