Ichnocarpus frutescens(L.) W.T.Aiton

WFO wfo-0000217289 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Karthik Thrikkadeeri
fig. a Karthik Thrikkadeeri, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-09-19 / obs. 158320042
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Suhel Quader
fig. b Suhel Quader, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 98691275
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by renjus box
fig. c renjus box, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 77757221
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by coenobita
fig. d coenobita, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 30917411
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Haneesh K M
fig. e Haneesh K M, CC0 1.0 / obs. 77412145
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Ajit Ampalakkad
fig. f Ajit Ampalakkad, CC0 1.0 / obs. 47108307
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. g Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 42008977
Ichnocarpus frutescens, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. h Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 162101564

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 31 botanical countries

Regions where Ichnocarpus frutescens is native: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia China South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanAssamBangladeshBismarck ArchipelagoBorneoCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMalukuMyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSri LankaSulawesiSumateraThailandVietnamWest HimalayaNorthern TerritoryQueenslandWestern Australia Andaman Is.Nicobar Is.
Native distribution of Ichnocarpus frutescens, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Bismarck Archipelago BIS
Borneo BOR
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Malaya MLY
Maluku MOL
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Nicobar Is. NCB
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Northern Territory NTA AUSTRALASIA
Queensland QLD
Western Australia WAU

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 202 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 10.4 °C 16.2 °C 24.1 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 27.9 °C 32.6 °C 41.5 °C
Annual rainfall 751 mm 1,385 mm 3,108 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 16 mm 44 mm 127 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 202 research-grade observations of Ichnocarpus frutescens that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 46 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Aganosma affinis (Roem. & Schult.) G.Don
  • Apocynum crassifolium Salisb.
  • Apocynum frutescens L.
  • Beluttakaka malabarica Kuntze
  • Carruthersia daronensis Elmer
  • Chonemorpha bantamensis G.Don
  • Chonemorpha malabarica G.Don
  • Echites affinis Roem. & Schult.
  • Echites bantamensis Blume
  • Echites caryophyllatus Roth
  • Echites caryophyllatus Roxb.
  • Echites caudatus Blanco
  • Echites ferrugineus Thunb.
  • Echites frutescens Roxb.
  • Echites malabaricus Lam.
  • Echites trichonema Zipp. ex Span.
  • Echites trichonemus Zipp. ex Span.
  • Gardenia sinensis Lour. ex B.A.Gomes
  • Gardenia volubilis Lour.
  • Ichnocarpus affinis K.Schum.
  • Ichnocarpus bantamensis (Blume) Miq.
  • Ichnocarpus dasycalyx Miq.
  • Ichnocarpus frutescens f. sogerensis (Wernham ex S.Moore) Markgr.
  • Ichnocarpus frutescens var. frutescens

and 22 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.