Plate 1 figs. a–h
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Confused withby our own model
These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.
Flowering n = 2,067 observations
Peak flowering in May, from 2,067 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.
Also published as 8 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Hydrophyllum atranthum Alexander
- Hydrophyllum patens Britton
- Hydrophyllum pinnatifidum Moench
- Hydrophyllum spiraeifolium Salisb.
- Hydrophyllum virginianum f. virginianum
- Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum
- Hydrophyllum virginicum L.
- Hydrophyllum virginicum var. pacificum Eastw.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.