{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/hieracium-lachenalii/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-12",
  "id": {
    "slug": "hieracium-lachenalii",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000004151",
    "inat_taxon_id": 163785
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Hieracium lachenalii",
    "authorship": "Suter",
    "genus": "Hieracium",
    "epithet": "lachenalii",
    "family": "Asteraceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Helvet. Fl. 2: 145. 1802",
    "protologue_url": "https://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/cdm_dataportal/taxon/79de9385-e32b-4da7-b588-d8d71a6530ef",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "common hawkweed",
      "english": [
        "common hawkweed"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Hieracium acuminatum",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium almquistianum",
        "authorship": "Johanss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium amitsokense",
        "authorship": "(Almq.) Dahlst. ex Omang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium anfractum subsp. anfractum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium anfractum subsp. atronitens",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium anfractum subsp. subampliatum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium anfractum var. latifolium",
        "authorship": "Lindeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium argillaceoides",
        "authorship": "(Litv. & Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium argillaceum",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium argillaceum subsp. acuminatum",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Nyár."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium argillaceum subsp. chlorophyllum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium argillaceum subsp. lachenalii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium aspernatum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium aurulentum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium austrinum",
        "authorship": "Stenstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium borodinianum",
        "authorship": "Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium cebennense",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium chenopodioides",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium cheriense",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium chlorophyllum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium cladophorum",
        "authorship": "(Vuk.) B.D.Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium consociatum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium cruentifolium",
        "authorship": "Dahlst. & Lübeck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium dalicum",
        "authorship": "Johanss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium deductum",
        "authorship": "Sudre"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium diaphanoides subsp. cladophorum",
        "authorship": "(Vuk.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium diaphanum var. pseudodiaphanum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium divisum subsp. cladophorum",
        "authorship": "(Vuk.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium divisum subsp. hypopitys",
        "authorship": "Litv. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium dovrense var. amitsokense",
        "authorship": "Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium epichlorum",
        "authorship": "(Litv. & Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium erythropodum",
        "authorship": "R.Uechtr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium euchlorum",
        "authorship": "(Murr & Zahn) Prain"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium euirriguum",
        "authorship": "Schljakov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium eustictum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium eustictum var. multinodum",
        "authorship": "Johanss. & Sam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium fastigiatum",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium festinum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium finitimum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium frondosiforme",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Prain"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium garckeanum",
        "authorship": "Asch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium gustavianum",
        "authorship": "Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium hypopitys",
        "authorship": "(Litv. & Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguiceps",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Schljakov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguum",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguum subsp. bathylepium",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguum subsp. lepidiceps",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguum subsp. obscuriceps",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium irriguum subsp. stipatiforme",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium jaccardii",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium jonsbergense",
        "authorship": "T.Tyler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium juratzkanum",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Schljakov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii",
        "authorship": "C.C.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. anfractum",
        "authorship": "Nyár."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. austrinum",
        "authorship": "(Stenstr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. euacuminatum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. euanfractum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. eufastigiatum",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. euirriguum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. ficini",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. guinandii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. jaccardii",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. percissum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. punctillaticeps",
        "authorship": "(Johanss.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. sublevicaule",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lachenalii subsp. subobscuriceps",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lampocranum",
        "authorship": "Johanss. & Sam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium latebrosum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lepidiceps",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Prain"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium lortetiae",
        "authorship": "Balb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium macrophyllopodum",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium medioximum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium meppelense",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Haveman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium meridionale",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium mertinii",
        "authorship": "C.C.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium murorum subsp. nigroglanduliferum",
        "authorship": "C.G.Westerl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium murorum subsp. pinnatifidum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium murorum subsp. stipatum",
        "authorship": "Stenstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium murorum subsp. subirriguum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium nemophilum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium neopinnatifidum",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium obscuriceps",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Prain"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium paucifoliatum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium percissum",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium pinnatifidum subsp. scanicum",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium pinnatifidum var. vivarium",
        "authorship": "Lönnr. ex Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium platyphyllopodum f. cladophorum",
        "authorship": "Vuk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium plicatum subsp. amitsokense",
        "authorship": "(Almq.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium pseudodiaphanum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Johanss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium pseudoramosum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium punctillaticeps",
        "authorship": "Johanss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium querceticola",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium rudicaule",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium scholanderi",
        "authorship": "Omang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium sciaphilum var. strumosum",
        "authorship": "W.R.Linton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium stenosphyrum",
        "authorship": "Omang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subaustrinum",
        "authorship": "Keld & Wiinst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subhastulatum",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subirriguum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subobscuriceps",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subviolascens",
        "authorship": "P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium subviriduliceps",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Schljakov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium sylowii",
        "authorship": "Omang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium tenuicaule",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium torticaule",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium tortifolium",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium truncipilum",
        "authorship": "(Thaisz & Zahn) Schljakov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium umbraticola",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium umbrosum subsp. pseudopollichiae",
        "authorship": "Oborny & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium valmierense",
        "authorship": "Üksip"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatiforme",
        "authorship": "Dahlst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. acidodontophyllum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. acroleucoides",
        "authorship": "Touton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. acuminatum",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. acutatifrons",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. almquistianum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. alpestre",
        "authorship": "(R.Uechtr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. amaurochlorum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. anfractum",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. argillaceoides",
        "authorship": "Litv. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. argillaceum",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Sudre"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. aspernatum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. asyngamicum",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. atrovirescens",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. aurulentiforme",
        "authorship": "Degen & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. aurulentum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. ausserdorferi",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. austrinum",
        "authorship": "(Stenstr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. aviicola",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. bathylepioides",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. bathylepium",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. chenopodioides",
        "authorship": "(Arv.-Touv.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. chlorophyllum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. chrysoglossoides",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. consociatum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. cruentifolium",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst. & Lübeck) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. cruentifrons",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. dalicum",
        "authorship": "(Johanss.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. deductum",
        "authorship": "(Sudre) Sudre"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. epichlorum",
        "authorship": "(Litv. & Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. erythropodum",
        "authorship": "(R.Uechtr.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. euchlorum",
        "authorship": "Murr & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. eustictum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. farinosiceps",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. fastigiatum",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. festinum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. ficini",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. ficinii",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. frondosiforme",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. garckeanum",
        "authorship": "(Asch.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. glareigenum",
        "authorship": "Murr & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. guinandii",
        "authorship": "(Sudre) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. gymnophyton",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. gypsogeton",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. haematochromum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. hypochromum",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. hypopitys",
        "authorship": "(Litv. & Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. interaquense",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. irriguiceps",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. irriguum",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. jaccardii",
        "authorship": "(Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. juratzkanum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. lachenalii",
        "authorship": "(Suter) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. lepidiceps",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. lupimontis",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. macrophyllopodum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. melanoporphyreum",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. meppelense",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. mollibasis",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. mutinense",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. numburgianum",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. paucifoliatum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. percissum",
        "authorship": "(Boreau) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. perversum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pinnatifidum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. plurisinuatum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudacuminatum",
        "authorship": "Besse & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudodiaphanum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Soest"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudopollichiae",
        "authorship": "(Oborny & Zahn) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudoramosum",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudosanguinolentum",
        "authorship": "Bornm. & Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. pseudosciaphilum",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. punctillaticeps",
        "authorship": "(Johanss.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. purpureoviolascens",
        "authorship": "Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. ramosifolium",
        "authorship": "(Arv.-Touv.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. rudicaule",
        "authorship": "(Arv.-Touv.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. scanicum",
        "authorship": "(Dahlst.) Zahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hieracium vulgatum subsp. spathulare",
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      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 87,
    "n_annotated": 92,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      2,
      5,
      25,
      20,
      12,
      9,
      6,
      8,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      2,
      5,
      27,
      21,
      12,
      10,
      7,
      8,
      0
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      1,
      0.9259,
      0.9524,
      1,
      0.9,
      0.8571,
      1,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.5655,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.7663,
        0.9794
      ],
      [
        0.7733,
        0.9915
      ],
      [
        0.7575,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.5958,
        0.9821
      ],
      [
        0.4869,
        0.9743
      ],
      [
        0.6756,
        1
      ],
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 5,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 3.3,
      "median": 6.6,
      "p95": 11
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 538.5,
      "median": 848.9,
      "p95": 1097
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 18.3,
      "median": 23.3,
      "p95": 27.2
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -16.7,
      "median": -9.2,
      "p95": 0.6
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 619.3,
      "median": 1231.1,
      "p95": 2492
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 9.5,
      "median": 16,
      "p95": 55.9
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 95.6,
      "median": 233.4,
      "p95": 338.1
    },
    "n": 570,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 570 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol HILA8",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/hieracium-lachenalii/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}