{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/helianthemum-nummularium/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "helianthemum-nummularium",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000717621",
    "inat_taxon_id": 84278
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Helianthemum nummularium",
    "authorship": "(L.) Mill.",
    "genus": "Helianthemum",
    "epithet": "nummularium",
    "family": "Cistaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Gard. Dict., ed. 8. : n.° 12 (1768)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:169032-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Common Rock-rose",
      "english": [
        "Common Rock-rose",
        "common rock-rose",
        "rosemary frostweed"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Cistus grandiflorus",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus helianthemoides",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus helianthemum",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus helianthemum var. nummularius",
        "authorship": "(L.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus hirsutus",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus mutabilis",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus nummularius",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus ovatus",
        "authorship": "Viv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus roseus",
        "authorship": "All."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus roseus",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus serpillifolius",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus surrejanus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cistus tomentosus",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Halimium lepidotum prol. multiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Ziz) Samp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum angustipetalum",
        "authorship": "Cadevall"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum angustipetalum var. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Rouy ex Cadevall"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum f. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum f. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum subsp. urrielense",
        "authorship": "(M.Laínz) G.López"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum var. caraltii",
        "authorship": "O.Bolòs & Vigo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum apenninum var. viridifolium",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum arcticum",
        "authorship": "(Grosser) Janch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum barbatum",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum berteroanum",
        "authorship": "Bertol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus f. multiplex",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus f. scopolii",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Murb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Chenevard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "(Mérat) Vollm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. nummularium",
        "authorship": "(L.) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. obscurum",
        "authorship": "(Pers.) Čelak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. ovatum",
        "authorship": "(Viv.) Jaquet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. tomentosum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Čelak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus subsp. vulgare",
        "authorship": "Cout."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. arcticum",
        "authorship": "Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. berteroanum",
        "authorship": "(Bertol.) Breistr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. berteroanum",
        "authorship": "(Bertol.) Fiori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Fiek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "(Mérat) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. serpillifolium",
        "authorship": "(L.) Bolzon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum chamaecistus var. stramineum",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Grosser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum cistifolium",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum controversum var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) F.W.Schultz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum croceum",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum croceum subsp. urrielense",
        "authorship": "(M.Laínz) M.Laínz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum diversifolium",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum diversifolium var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum foetidum",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum germanicum",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum glabrum",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) A.Kern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum graecum",
        "authorship": "Boiss. & Heldr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum f. cupreum",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum f. multiplex",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. glabrum",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Raynaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. obscurum",
        "authorship": "(Pers.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. urrielense",
        "authorship": "(M.Laínz) Rivas Mart., Izco & M.J.Costa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum var. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum var. obscurum",
        "authorship": "(Pers.) Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum grandiflorum var. semiglabrum",
        "authorship": "(Badarò) Raynaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum helianthemum",
        "authorship": "H.Karst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hercegovinum",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Mérat"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hirsutum var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Oborny"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hyssopifolium",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hyssopifolium var. cupreum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum hyssopifolium var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum incanum",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum kerneri",
        "authorship": "Gottl.-Tann. & Janch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum krockeri",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum laevigatum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum lanceolatum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum lineare",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum linearifolium",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum lucidum",
        "authorship": "Hornem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum lusitanicum",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum luteum",
        "authorship": "F.Heller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum macranthum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum macranthum",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum macranthum var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum milleri",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum multiflorum",
        "authorship": "Ziz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum multiplex",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum mutabile",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum mutabile var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nitidum",
        "authorship": "Clementi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium f. alboplenum",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium f. cupreoplena",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium f. multiplex",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium f. roseoplenum",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium f. rubroplenum",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium subsp. glabrum",
        "authorship": "R.Wilczek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium subsp. ovatum",
        "authorship": "(Viv.) Schinz & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium subsp. vulgare",
        "authorship": "Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. cantabricum",
        "authorship": "Barb.-Gamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. diversifolium",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. macranthum",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. mutabile",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. oblongifolium",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. obscurum",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. ovalifolium",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) C.Vicioso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. pyrenaicum",
        "authorship": "(Janch.) Raynaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. scopolii",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. stramineum",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum nummularium var. venustum",
        "authorship": "(Sweet) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum obscurum",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum obscurum var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum obscurum var. krockeri",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum obscurum var. serpyllifolium",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum ovatum",
        "authorship": "(Viv.) Dunal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum ovatum subsp. glabrum",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Issler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum ovatum subsp. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum ovatum subsp. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "(Mérat) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum ovatum subsp. littorale",
        "authorship": "Issler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum polifolium subsp. pulverulentum",
        "authorship": "(Nyman) Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum polifolium var. pulverulentum",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum pulverulentum",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum pulverulentum var. roseum",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum pyrenaicum",
        "authorship": "(Janch.) Raynaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum pyrenaicum",
        "authorship": "Janch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum reflexum",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum rhodanthum",
        "authorship": "Dunal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum roseum",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum roseum var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum roseum var. niveum",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum rosmarinifolium",
        "authorship": "Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum rupicola",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum sampsuchifolium",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum seguierii",
        "authorship": "Pollini"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum semiglabrum",
        "authorship": "Badarò"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum serpyllifolium",
        "authorship": "(L.) Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum stabianum",
        "authorship": "Heldr. ex Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum stramineum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum surrejanum",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum tauricum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum tinetense",
        "authorship": "M.Mayor & Fern.Benito"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum tomentosum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum tomentosum",
        "authorship": "Fritsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum urrielense",
        "authorship": "(M.Laínz) Nava & Fern.Casado"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum variabile subsp. planifolium",
        "authorship": "Spach"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum variabile var. discolor",
        "authorship": "Spach"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum variabile var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Spach"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum variegatum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum venustum",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum versicolor",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare",
        "authorship": "Garsault"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare",
        "authorship": "Gaertn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare f. scopolii",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare prol. chamaecistus",
        "authorship": "(Mill.) Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare prol. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare prol. scopolii",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare prol. semiglabrum",
        "authorship": "(Badarò) Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subsp. chamaecistus",
        "authorship": "(Mill.) P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subsp. fontis-romaei",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subsp. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subsp. scopolii",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subsp. serpillifolium",
        "authorship": "(L.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare subvar. roseiflorum",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. discolor",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. grandiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "Foucaud & Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Foucaud & Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. hyssopifolium",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Foucaud & Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. lanceolatum",
        "authorship": "Foucaud & Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. multiplex",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. mutabile",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. nummularium",
        "authorship": "(L.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. oblongifolium",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. obscurum",
        "authorship": "(Pers.) Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. ovalifolium",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. petraeum",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. roseum",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. scopolii",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. serpyllifolium",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. tomentosum",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Helianthemum vulgare var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helianthemum_nummularium"
  },
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        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
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        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
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        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
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      },
      {
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        "name": "Romania",
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      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
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      {
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      },
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      },
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        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
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        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
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        "code": "UKR",
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    "n": 992,
    "n_annotated": 1035,
    "sufficient": true,
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      68,
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      90,
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    "annotated_by_month": [
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    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 32,
      "by_month": [
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        0,
        0,
        3,
        4,
        3,
        10,
        5,
        4,
        2,
        1,
        0
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      "share": [
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        0,
        0,
        0.039,
        0.0168,
        0.0121,
        0.0535,
        0.0521,
        0.0615,
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        0
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      "ci": [
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          0,
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        ],
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          0.0224,
          0.1162
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          0.0242,
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        [
          0,
          0.4345
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      "peak_month": 9
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 1,
      "median": 9.1,
      "p95": 13.1
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 401.5,
      "median": 666.2,
      "p95": 814.9
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 14.8,
      "median": 21.9,
      "p95": 26.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -14,
      "median": -3.6,
      "p95": 3.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 574,
      "median": 931.9,
      "p95": 2069.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12,
      "median": 26.2,
      "p95": 43.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 93.4,
      "median": 167.7,
      "p95": 374.2
    },
    "n": 2014,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2014 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
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    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
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    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
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  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/helianthemum-nummularium/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}