Haplopteris flexuosa(Fée) E.H.Crane

WFO wfo-0001265483 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. a Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-12-15 / obs. 173186432
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. b Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 133304895
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. c Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 104828361
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. d Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 106647075
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by Cheng-Tao Lin
fig. e Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 14061047
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)
fig. f 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 32005477
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by 何小花
fig. g 何小花, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 186397122
Haplopteris flexuosa, photographed by 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)
fig. h 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 144128803

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 18 botanical countries

Regions where Haplopteris flexuosa is native: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Tibet, Assam, Cambodia, East Himalaya, Laos, Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya China South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanJapanTaiwanTibetAssamCambodiaEast HimalayaLaosMalayaMyanmarNepalThailandVietnamWest Himalaya KoreaNansei-shoto
Native distribution of Haplopteris flexuosa, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
Laos LAO
Malaya MLY
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Japan JAP
Korea KOR
Nansei-shoto NNS
Taiwan TAI
Tibet CHT

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 254 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 1.0 °C 4.7 °C 11.7 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 18.4 °C 22.2 °C 29.2 °C
Annual rainfall 2,983 mm 4,205 mm 4,951 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 151 mm 317 mm 866 mm

It is found where winters are cool but frost is light or absent. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 254 research-grade observations of Haplopteris flexuosa that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 16 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Haplopteris modesta (Hand.-Mazz.) E.H.Crane
  • Taeniopsis lineata Bedd.
  • Vittaria arunachalensis R.D.Dixit
  • Vittaria caricina Christ
  • Vittaria costularis Ching
  • Vittaria filipes Christ
  • Vittaria flexuosa Fée
  • Vittaria flexuosa var. filipes Tardieu & C.Chr.
  • Vittaria flexuosa var. japonica (Miq.) C.Chr.
  • Vittaria japonica Miq.
  • Vittaria lanceola Christ
  • Vittaria modesta Hand.-Mazz.
  • Vittaria nana Ching
  • Vittaria ophiopogonoides Ching
  • Vittaria revoluta D.Don
  • Vittaria suberecta Hayata

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.