Hammarbya paludosa(L.) Kuntze

bog orchidbog adder's-mouth orchid

WFO wfo-0000979153 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Игорь Васильев
fig. a Игорь Васильев, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-07-22 / obs. 145314473
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Terry Instone
fig. b Terry Instone, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 151210763
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Terry Instone
fig. c Terry Instone, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 144939235
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Valerii Glazunov
fig. d Valerii Glazunov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 140587013
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Terry Instone
fig. e Terry Instone, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 114405224
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Brandon Corder
fig. f Brandon Corder, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 85730566
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by dschigel
fig. g dschigel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 22677145
Hammarbya paludosa, photographed by Matt Bowser
fig. h Matt Bowser, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 4449550

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 47 botanical countries

Regions where Hammarbya paludosa is native: Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Primorye, Sakhalin, West Siberia, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, Føroyar, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, South European Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Minnesota, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon BuryatiyaChitaIrkutskJapanKamchatkaKazakhstanKhabarovskPrimoryeSakhalinWest SiberiaAustriaBaltic StatesBelarusBelgiumCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaDenmarkEast European RussiaFinlandFranceGermanyHungaryIrelandItalyNetherlandsNorth European RussiaNorthwest European RussiaNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSouth European RussiaSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineAlaskaAlbertaBritish ColumbiaManitobaMinnesotaNorthwest TerritoriesOntarioSaskatchewanYukon Føroyar
Native distribution of Hammarbya paludosa, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Austria AUT EUROPE
Baltic States BLT
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
Denmark DEN
East European Russia RUE
Finland FIN
Føroyar FOR
France FRA
Germany GER
Great Britain GRB
Hungary HUN
Ireland IRE
Italy ITA
Netherlands NET
North European Russia RUN
Northwest European Russia RUW
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Ukraine UKR
Buryatiya BRY ASIA-TEMPERATE
Chita CTA
Irkutsk IRK
Japan JAP
Kamchatka KAM
Kazakhstan KAZ
Khabarovsk KHA
Kuril Is. KUR
Primorye PRM
Sakhalin SAK
West Siberia WSB
Alaska ASK NORTHERN AMERICA
Alberta ABT
British Columbia BRC
Manitoba MAN
Minnesota MIN
Northwest Territories NWT
Ontario ONT
Saskatchewan SAS
Yukon YUK

Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is., Great Britain. We hold no public-domain boundary for these regions, so they are listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 67 in flower of 68 examined

Peak flowering in Jul. Each bar is the share of Hammarbya paludosa observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 67 of 68 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 9 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 390 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -19.9 °C -7.6 °C 3.6 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 15.0 °C 20.6 °C 23.4 °C
Annual rainfall 524 mm 824 mm 2,886 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 50 mm 129 mm 375 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 390 research-grade observations of Hammarbya paludosa that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 8 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Epipactis paludosa (L.) F.W.Schmidt
  • Hammarbya paludosa var. robusta Verm.
  • Malaxis paludosa (L.) Sw.
  • Malaxis palustris (Huds.) Rich.
  • Ophrys paludosa L.
  • Ophrys palustris Huds.
  • Orchis paludosa (L.) Pall.
  • Sturmia paludosa (L.) Rchb.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.