{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/grona-heterocarpos/",
  "last_modified": "2024-11-20",
  "id": {
    "slug": "grona-heterocarpos",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001423638",
    "inat_taxon_id": 1275045
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Grona heterocarpos",
    "authorship": "(L.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi",
    "genus": "Grona",
    "epithet": "heterocarpos",
    "family": "Fabaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "J. Jap. Bot. 93: 112 (2018)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.legumedata.org/taxonomy/taxon/3227669",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Asian ticktrefoil",
      "english": [
        "Asian ticktrefoil"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Desmodium buergeri",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium buergeri var. patulepilosum",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium distans",
        "authorship": "Royle ex Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium gyroides",
        "authorship": "Hassk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon",
        "authorship": "(L.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon f. albiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Ridl.) H.Ohashi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon f. strigosum",
        "authorship": "(Meeuwen) Fosberg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon subsp. heterocarpon",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon var. buergeri",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Hosok."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon var. gymnocarpum",
        "authorship": "Schindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon var. heterocarpon",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon var. patulepilosum",
        "authorship": "(Ohwi) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpon var. strigosum",
        "authorship": "Meeuwen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterocarpum",
        "authorship": "(L.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium heterophyllum var. buergeri",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Hosok."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium hippocrepis",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium nervosum",
        "authorship": "Vogel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium patens",
        "authorship": "G.Don ex Wight"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpon",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpon f. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpon var. albiflorum",
        "authorship": "Ridl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpon var. trichocaulum",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpum",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium polycarpum var. trichocaulon",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium pulchellum",
        "authorship": "Blume ex Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium purpureum",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium serpens",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium siliquosum",
        "authorship": "(Burm.f.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium spectabile",
        "authorship": "Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium toppinii",
        "authorship": "Schindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium trichocaulum",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium trinerve",
        "authorship": "Graham"
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmodium tuberculatum",
        "authorship": "G.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Grona repens",
        "authorship": "Lour."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum heterocarpon",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum patens",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum polycarpon",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum polycarpum",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum purpureum",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum siliquosum",
        "authorship": "Burm.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum spectabile",
        "authorship": "Bojer ex Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hedysarum tuberculosum",
        "authorship": "Labill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hippocrepis barbata",
        "authorship": "Lour."
      },
      {
        "name": "Meibomia buergeri",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Meibomia heterocarpa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pleurolobus heterocarpus",
        "authorship": "(L.) J.St.-Hil."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grona_heterocarpos"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 70,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 174062871,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jacy Chen",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/chenjacy",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b2bea27b-d077-4c6d-8c1d-929cf9161f56",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-07",
        "lat": 23.489,
        "lon": 120.753,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 769
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174062871/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174062871/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174062871/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174062871/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 161664747,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Dinesh Valke",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/dineshvalke",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50266bb2-eb17-4928-b480-c9222cab6702",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-02",
        "lat": 19.331,
        "lon": 73.718,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161664747/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161664747/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161664747/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161664747/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 160269417,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Dinesh Valke",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/dineshvalke",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1916b2c1-2cfe-46a5-aa16-3f1c61810cfe",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-25",
        "lat": 18.664,
        "lon": 73.454,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/160269417/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/160269417/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/160269417/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/160269417/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 153901368,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Agnes Trekker",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/agnestrekker",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f8f5d510-c36d-473e-a03e-3242e4fd807d",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-29",
        "lat": 22.47,
        "lon": 114.009,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/153901368/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/153901368/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/153901368/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/153901368/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Agnes Trekker, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 107130305,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "chiuluan",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/chiuluan",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/46731c15-2a13-463f-8926-8c6ed0c66402",
        "observed_on": "2020-12-12",
        "lat": 23.47,
        "lon": 121.484,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/107130305/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/107130305/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/107130305/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/107130305/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "chiuluan, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 119282842,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Dinesh Valke",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/dineshvalke",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/dc1eafa8-ada6-404a-9548-9f9e5e88fcf3",
        "observed_on": "2020-11-28",
        "lat": 19.293,
        "lon": 72.917,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119282842/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119282842/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119282842/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/119282842/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 105394977,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jacy Chen",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/chenjacy",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f9ae73bb-72a5-4db5-b3c4-8ef2d442ec4b",
        "observed_on": "2020-11-18",
        "lat": 25.042,
        "lon": 121.613,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 769
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105394977/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105394977/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105394977/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/105394977/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 92969224,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "portioid",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/portioid",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/c400f72a-d8e0-4d74-adb0-d89259cfa191",
        "observed_on": "2020-09-01",
        "lat": 22.267,
        "lon": 114.217,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 919
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/92969224/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/92969224/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/92969224/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/92969224/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "portioid, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "TAN",
      "CHC",
      "CHS",
      "CHH",
      "JAP",
      "KOR",
      "NNS",
      "TAI",
      "AND",
      "ASS",
      "BAN",
      "BOR",
      "CBD",
      "EHM",
      "IND",
      "JAW",
      "LAO",
      "LSI",
      "MLY",
      "MOL",
      "MYA",
      "NEP",
      "NWG",
      "NCB",
      "PHI",
      "SRL",
      "SUL",
      "SUM",
      "THA",
      "VIE",
      "WHM",
      "NSW",
      "NTA",
      "QLD",
      "WAU",
      "CRL",
      "FIJ",
      "NWC",
      "SAM",
      "TON",
      "VAN",
      "WAL"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCB",
        "name": "Nicobar Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 41,
    "n_annotated": 53,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      1,
      1,
      1,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      1,
      4,
      12,
      10,
      6,
      3
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      1,
      2,
      1,
      1,
      1,
      2,
      2,
      5,
      16,
      11,
      7,
      4
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.8,
      0.75,
      0.9091,
      0.8571,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.3755,
        0.9638
      ],
      [
        0.505,
        0.8982
      ],
      [
        0.6226,
        0.9838
      ],
      [
        0.4869,
        0.9743
      ],
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 10,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub or shrub",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 18.8,
      "median": 22.6,
      "p95": 26.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 50.1,
      "median": 432.8,
      "p95": 520
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 26.7,
      "median": 29.8,
      "p95": 32.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 8.9,
      "median": 13,
      "p95": 23.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 1513.1,
      "median": 2735.8,
      "p95": 4214.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 29.6,
      "median": 54.2,
      "p95": 137.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 4.1,
      "median": 179.8,
      "p95": 726.9
    },
    "n": 333,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 333 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/grona-heterocarpos/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}